Test 76 Flashcards by Sarah Carlson

x linked recessive inheritance

affected MALES produce unaffected sons and carrier daughters

Carrier females have a 50% chance of producing affected sons and carrier daugthers

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G6PD def

X linked recessive

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X linked dominant

affected individuals ahve at least 1 PARENT tha tis also affected

affected male will always produce affected daugthers but no sons will be affected

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MC cancers in women in order of incidence

mortality

incidence: breast, lung, CRC
mortality: lung, breast, CRC

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Fever
pharyngitis
sandpaperlike rash
cicumoral pallor
STRAWBERRY TONGUE

SCARLETT fever caused by GAS> pyrogenic EXOtoxins

can lead to ARF or glomerulnephritis

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fever
strawberry tongue
rash
BILATERAL CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION

Kawasake disease

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parotitis
fever
malaise
HA 
myalgias
ORHITIS

mumps

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neurological complications of measles

encephalitis
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
subactue sclerosing panencephalitis

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dendritic cells found in the SKIN
professional APC (interact closely w/ T)
derived from MYELOID LINE
racket shaped BIRBECK granules

Langerhans cells

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MPHAGE derived cells in the LIVER

located in hepatic sinusoids

Kupffer cells

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neuroendocrine cells in basal layer of epidermis
perceive touch

can cause carcinoma

Merkel cells

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pigmented producing cells of epidermis

Melanocytes

NCC that migrate to BASAL layer of epidermis

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Decreased outward K current during repolarization phase of cardiac AP> QT prolongation

major cardiac consequence of QT prolongation?

increased risk of v. tach, like torsades de pointes

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dynamic L ventricular outflow obstruction

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

dt mut in cardiac sarcomere proteins

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where is pulmonary vascular resistance LOWEST

functional residual capacity

Increased lung volumes INCREASE PVR d/t longitudinal steretching of alveolar capillaries

DECREASED lung volumes incrase PVR d/t decreased radial traction from adjacent tissues on large alveolar vessels

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direct hernias

often in OLDER men
weakness of TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA in hesselbachs triangle

MEDIAL to IEVs and protruce only through the EXTERNAL ring and are covered by EXTERNAL spermatic fascia

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indirect inguinal hernia

male infant

enters internal inguinal ring LATERAL to IEV
caused by PERSISTENT PROCESSUS VAGINALS and filaure of internal ring to close

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rare complication of measles that occurs several years after apparent recovery from intiial infection

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

*oligoclonal bands of measles abs in CSF

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progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

infectious demyelinating disorder caused by JC virus

prog neuro deficits in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

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fatty oxidation inhibitors

inhibit FA oxid>
SHIFT energy production to glucose OXIDATION>
promotes O2 effieciency

DECREASES amt of oxygen needed to support cardiac xn

DECREASES toxic FA metabolite production

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where does ADh act

MEDULLARY segment of CCD

increases UREA and WATER reabsorption

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anorexia
nausea
low grade fever
bilirubinuria
RUQ tenderness

Acute hepatitis

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histology of acute hepatitis

hepatocyte BALOONING degeneration and apoptosis

Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes)

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HBV, HCV, aflatoxin B, chronic hepatocyte injury

increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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fibrinoid necrosis

IC deposition> VASCULITIS

nodular regeneration of hepatocytes

pts w/ cirrhosis d/t CHRONIC hepatitis

uncomfortable sensation in legs accompanied by urge to move legs worse when falling asleep Tx?

Restless leg syndrome (Fe def) Da agonists

cataplexy tx

sudden loss of msucle tone triggered by strong emotions MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

includes hte rhinovirus and enterovirus genera

picornaviridae

acid labile picoviridae virus that CANNOT colonize the GI tract or cause castroenteritis

RHINOVIRUS!! enteroviruses are acid STABLE and therefore can pass through the stomach to infect hte gI tract

MCC of e. coli bacteremia

UTIs E. coli use FIMBRIAE to colonize UTI tract

major risk factor for progression to ARDS

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis

ARDS

Acute pancreatitis, trauma, sepsis, shock> diffuse injury to alveolocapillary membrane> interstitial and intraalveolar edema, acute inflammation, alveolar HYALINE MEMBRANES (fibrin exudate and plasma protein rich edema)

destruction of interalveolar septae

pt w/ emphysema

ONLY class 3 antiarrhythmic w/ beta-adrenergic blocking abilities (bradycardia) and calss 3 K channel blocking properities that can prolong both the PR itnerval and the QT interval

Sotalol

Metoprolol proanolol carveidilol

BETA BLOCKERS | decrae HR and contractility by SLOWING AV nodal conduction

Ca channel blockers that affect cardiac tissue

Verapamil (most cardioselective, gingival hyperplasia and constipation)

Chlorpheniramine | diphenhydRAMINE

first gen H1 blockers SEDATION

Diazepam

``` long acting BENZO: anxioloytic SEDATION anticonvulsant muscle relaxant ``` drugs that also cause SEDATION should not be used with diazepam

Loratadine

2nd genration antihistamine blocks H1 does NOT enter CNS, does NOT cause drwoseiness

Ranitidine

H1 receptor antag | inhibits gastric acid secretion

stroke intestinal/foot ischemia renal infarction

...should make you think of EMBOLI can arise from : atrial clots ventricular clots, vulvular vegations, aortic atherosclerotic plaques

liver injury by HBV

NOT cytotoxic itself viral HBsAg and HBcAg on CELL SURFACE stimulate host's cytotoxic CD8 T cells to destroy infected hepatocytes

Peau d/ orange

pitting edema in subcutaneous berast tissue accompanied by SKIN thickening around exaggerated hair follicles occurs when neoplastic cells plug dermal LYMPAHTIC channels

required for emergence of small adenomatous polyps from normal colonic mucosa

APC mutation (first step in adenoma to carcinoma sequence)

DCC

plays a role in teh FINAL step of progression of large adenomatous polys in adenocarcinoma

Kras

responsible for SIZE incrase in adenomatous polyps

MSH2

one of genes responsible for DNA mismatch repiar inherited from of CRC: HNPCC or LYNCH

SE of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine

ANTIMuscuarine anti-alpha adrenergic anti-serotonergic

erythroid precursors in liver and spleen

sign of extramedullary hematopoiesis

MCC of extramedullary hematopoiesis

severe chronic hemolytic anemias (like B thalassemia)

MAJOR CAUSE OF AAA

ATHEROSCLEROSIS>can progress to weaken underlying MEDIA Intimal FATTY STREAKS are the earliest lestion of atherosclerosis

intimal tear

can initiate formation of disecting aortic aneurysm

medial degeneration

fragmentation of elastic tissue and separation of tunica medai

medial inflammation

arteritis

vasa vasoram obliteartion

how syphillis produces aortic aneurysms UNCOMMON in US

stage

extend of tumor EXPANSION

grade

degree of tumor DIFFERENTIATION

most important for determinng tumor prognosis

THE STAGE--- is it going into other tissue

hemochromatosis

HLA-H gene on chrom 6 affects Fe ABSORPTION from GI tract marked incrase in FERRITIN

immunosuppresed pt w/ febrile neutropenia has increased susceptibiltiy to...

GRAM - orgs like p. aeruginosa

ecthyma gangrenosum

assocaited w/ p. aeruginosa bacteremia skin patches w/ ulceration and necrosis d/t insufficient blood flow

MC outcome in HBV infected adults

>95% is acute hepatitis w/ mild sxs that completely resolve

respiratory distress, confusion, upper body petechial rash (thrombocytopenia) w/in dyas of long bone fxs

FAT embolism syndrome multiple fat emoboli in pulmonary microvascularture stain BLACK w/ osmium tetroxide

heparin

increases the effect of naturally occuring anticoagulant anti thrombin III

Pulmonary artery HTN

TWO Hit hypothesis: abnormal BMPR2 gene predisposes to pullmonary vascular disease second insult: activates disase process VASCULAR SM proliferatoin in pulmonary vasculature> elevated pulmonary pressures

fish odor KOH clue cells

bacterial vaginosis

complications of long term tx of parkinsons w/ levodopa

periodic and unpredictable fluctuations in motor fucntion (on-off phenomenon) d/t progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration leading to decrased therapeutic window for ldopa

flat topped violaceous papules over joints of fingers | heliotrope rash

cutaneous involvement of dermatomyositis may also see myopathy elevated CK positive ANA

langerhans giant cells

indicative of granulomatous conditions multiple nucle organized in horseshoe shape mphages actavated by CD4 T cells

causes sxs similar to SVC syndrome but on ONE side of the body

brachiocephalic vein obstruction

Test 76 Flashcards

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