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Test 76 Flashcards

1
Q

x linked recessive inheritance

A

affected MALES produce unaffected sons and carrier daughters

Carrier females have a 50% chance of producing affected sons and carrier daugthers

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2
Q

G6PD def

A

X linked recessive

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3
Q

X linked dominant

A

affected individuals ahve at least 1 PARENT tha tis also affected

affected male will always produce affected daugthers but no sons will be affected

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4
Q

MC cancers in women in order of incidence

mortality

A

incidence: breast, lung, CRC
mortality: lung, breast, CRC

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5
Q 
Fever
pharyngitis
sandpaperlike rash
cicumoral pallor
STRAWBERRY TONGUE
A

SCARLETT fever caused by GAS> pyrogenic EXOtoxins

can lead to ARF or glomerulnephritis

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6
Q

fever
strawberry tongue
rash
BILATERAL CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION

A

Kawasake disease

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7
Q 
parotitis
fever
malaise
HA 
myalgias
ORHITIS
A

mumps

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8
Q

neurological complications of measles

A

encephalitis
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
subactue sclerosing panencephalitis

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9
Q

dendritic cells found in the SKIN
professional APC (interact closely w/ T)
derived from MYELOID LINE
racket shaped BIRBECK granules

A

Langerhans cells

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10
Q

MPHAGE derived cells in the LIVER

located in hepatic sinusoids

A

Kupffer cells

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11
Q

neuroendocrine cells in basal layer of epidermis
perceive touch

can cause carcinoma

A

Merkel cells

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12
Q

pigmented producing cells of epidermis

A

Melanocytes

NCC that migrate to BASAL layer of epidermis

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13
Q

Decreased outward K current during repolarization phase of cardiac AP> QT prolongation

major cardiac consequence of QT prolongation?

A

increased risk of v. tach, like torsades de pointes

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14
Q

dynamic L ventricular outflow obstruction

A

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

dt mut in cardiac sarcomere proteins

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15
Q

where is pulmonary vascular resistance LOWEST

A

functional residual capacity

Increased lung volumes INCREASE PVR d/t longitudinal steretching of alveolar capillaries

DECREASED lung volumes incrase PVR d/t decreased radial traction from adjacent tissues on large alveolar vessels

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16
Q

direct hernias

A

often in OLDER men
weakness of TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA in hesselbachs triangle

MEDIAL to IEVs and protruce only through the EXTERNAL ring and are covered by EXTERNAL spermatic fascia

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17
Q

indirect inguinal hernia

A

male infant

enters internal inguinal ring LATERAL to IEV
caused by PERSISTENT PROCESSUS VAGINALS and filaure of internal ring to close

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18
Q

rare complication of measles that occurs several years after apparent recovery from intiial infection

A

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

*oligoclonal bands of measles abs in CSF

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19
Q

progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

infectious demyelinating disorder caused by JC virus

prog neuro deficits in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

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20
Q

fatty oxidation inhibitors

A

inhibit FA oxid>
SHIFT energy production to glucose OXIDATION>
promotes O2 effieciency

DECREASES amt of oxygen needed to support cardiac xn

DECREASES toxic FA metabolite production

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21
Q

where does ADh act

A

MEDULLARY segment of CCD

increases UREA and WATER reabsorption

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22
Q 
anorexia
nausea
low grade fever
bilirubinuria
RUQ tenderness
A

Acute hepatitis

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23
Q

histology of acute hepatitis

A

hepatocyte BALOONING degeneration and apoptosis

Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes)

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24
Q

HBV, HCV, aflatoxin B, chronic hepatocyte injury

A

increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

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25
Q

fibrinoid necrosis

A

IC deposition> VASCULITIS

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26
Q

nodular regeneration of hepatocytes

A

pts w/ cirrhosis d/t CHRONIC hepatitis

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27
Q

uncomfortable sensation in legs accompanied by urge to move legs
worse when falling asleep

Tx?

A

Restless leg syndrome
(Fe def)

Da agonists

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28
Q

cataplexy tx

A

sudden loss of msucle tone
triggered by strong emotions

MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS

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29
Q

includes hte rhinovirus and enterovirus genera

A

picornaviridae

30
Q

acid labile picoviridae virus that CANNOT colonize the GI tract or cause castroenteritis

A

RHINOVIRUS!!

enteroviruses are acid STABLE and therefore can pass through the stomach to infect hte gI tract

31
Q

MCC of e. coli bacteremia

A

UTIs

E. coli use FIMBRIAE to colonize UTI tract

32
Q

major risk factor for progression to ARDS

A

Acute necrotizing pancreatitis

33
Q

ARDS

A

Acute pancreatitis, trauma, sepsis, shock>
diffuse injury to alveolocapillary membrane>
interstitial and intraalveolar edema, acute inflammation, alveolar HYALINE MEMBRANES (fibrin exudate and plasma protein rich edema)

34
Q

destruction of interalveolar septae

A

pt w/ emphysema

35
Q

ONLY class 3 antiarrhythmic w/ beta-adrenergic blocking abilities (bradycardia) and calss 3 K channel blocking properities that can prolong both the PR itnerval and the QT interval

A

Sotalol

36
Q

Metoprolol
proanolol
carveidilol

A

BETA BLOCKERS

decrae HR and contractility by SLOWING AV nodal conduction

37
Q

Ca channel blockers that affect cardiac tissue

A

Verapamil (most cardioselective, gingival hyperplasia and constipation)

38
Q

Chlorpheniramine

diphenhydRAMINE

A

first gen H1 blockers

SEDATION

39
Q

Diazepam

A 
long acting BENZO:
anxioloytic
SEDATION
anticonvulsant
muscle relaxant

drugs that also cause SEDATION should not be used with diazepam

40
Q

Loratadine

A

2nd genration antihistamine
blocks H1
does NOT enter CNS, does NOT cause drwoseiness

41
Q

Ranitidine

A

H1 receptor antag

inhibits gastric acid secretion

42
Q

stroke
intestinal/foot ischemia
renal infarction

A

…should make you think of EMBOLI

can arise from : atrial clots ventricular clots, vulvular vegations, aortic atherosclerotic plaques

43
Q

liver injury by HBV

A

NOT cytotoxic itself

viral HBsAg and HBcAg on CELL SURFACE stimulate host’s cytotoxic CD8 T cells to destroy infected hepatocytes

44
Q

Peau d/ orange

A

pitting edema in subcutaneous berast tissue accompanied by SKIN thickening around exaggerated hair follicles

occurs when neoplastic cells plug dermal LYMPAHTIC channels

45
Q

required for emergence of small adenomatous polyps from normal colonic mucosa

A

APC mutation (first step in adenoma to carcinoma sequence)

46
Q

DCC

A

plays a role in teh FINAL step of progression of large adenomatous polys in adenocarcinoma

47
Q

Kras

A

responsible for SIZE incrase in adenomatous polyps

48
Q

MSH2

A

one of genes responsible for DNA mismatch repiar

inherited from of CRC: HNPCC or LYNCH

49
Q

SE of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine

A

ANTIMuscuarine
anti-alpha adrenergic
anti-serotonergic

50
Q

erythroid precursors in liver and spleen

A

sign of extramedullary hematopoiesis

51
Q

MCC of extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

severe chronic hemolytic anemias (like B thalassemia)

52
Q

MAJOR CAUSE OF AAA

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS>can progress to weaken underlying MEDIA

Intimal FATTY STREAKS are the earliest lestion of atherosclerosis

53
Q

intimal tear

A

can initiate formation of disecting aortic aneurysm

54
Q

medial degeneration

A

fragmentation of elastic tissue and separation of tunica medai

55
Q

medial inflammation

A

arteritis

56
Q

vasa vasoram obliteartion

A

how syphillis produces aortic aneurysms

UNCOMMON in US

57
Q

stage

A

extend of tumor EXPANSION

58
Q

grade

A

degree of tumor DIFFERENTIATION

59
Q

most important for determinng tumor prognosis

A

THE STAGE— is it going into other tissue

60
Q

hemochromatosis

A

HLA-H gene on chrom 6

affects Fe ABSORPTION from GI tract

marked incrase in FERRITIN

61
Q

immunosuppresed pt w/ febrile neutropenia has increased susceptibiltiy to…

A

GRAM - orgs like p. aeruginosa

62
Q

ecthyma gangrenosum

A

assocaited w/ p. aeruginosa bacteremia

skin patches w/ ulceration and necrosis d/t insufficient blood flow

63
Q

MC outcome in HBV infected adults

A

> 95% is acute hepatitis w/ mild sxs that completely resolve

64
Q

respiratory distress, confusion, upper body petechial rash (thrombocytopenia) w/in dyas of long bone fxs

A

FAT embolism syndrome

multiple fat emoboli in pulmonary microvascularture stain BLACK w/ osmium tetroxide

65
Q

heparin

A

increases the effect of naturally occuring anticoagulant anti thrombin III

66
Q

Pulmonary artery HTN

A

TWO Hit hypothesis:
abnormal BMPR2 gene predisposes to pullmonary vascular disease

second insult: activates disase process

VASCULAR SM proliferatoin in pulmonary vasculature> elevated pulmonary pressures

67
Q

fish odor
KOH
clue cells

A

bacterial vaginosis

68
Q

complications of long term tx of parkinsons w/ levodopa

A

periodic and unpredictable fluctuations in motor fucntion (on-off phenomenon)

d/t progressive nigrostriatal neurodegeneration leading to decrased therapeutic window for ldopa

69
Q

flat topped violaceous papules over joints of fingers

heliotrope rash

A

cutaneous involvement of dermatomyositis

may also see myopathy
elevated CK
positive ANA

70
Q

langerhans giant cells

A

indicative of granulomatous conditions

multiple nucle organized in horseshoe shape

mphages actavated by CD4 T cells

71
Q

causes sxs similar to SVC syndrome but on ONE side of the body

A

brachiocephalic vein obstruction

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