Test One Flashcards
1
Q
Sheep are the ____ domesticated farm animal
A
First
2
Q
Sheep were domesticated how many years ago?
A
10,750 years ago
3
Q
sheep were first domesticated in what country?
A
Iraq
4
Q
Sheep were domesticated for what purposes?
A
Wool Meat Milk Hide Work
5
Q
domesticated sheep are…
A
timid
defenseless
gregarious (flocking animal)
6
Q
What breed of sheep is known for its great flocking abilities and why?
A
Merino sheep, These sheep had 90 paces of land and if they crossed this they were the property of the king and the king would kill them
7
Q
What is the reason for sheeps timidness, defenselessness, and dumbness?
A
HUMANS
8
Q
Domestic sheep stem from two breeds what are they?
A
Mouflan : origin is turkey, mountain sheep
Asiatic Ural : Origin Asia-europe, grassland sheep
9
Q
Kingdom
A
Animalia
10
Q
Phylum
A
chordata
11
Q
class
A
mammalia
12
Q
order
A
artiodactyla
13
Q
family
A
bovidae
14
Q
genus
A
ovis
15
Q
species
A
aries
16
Q
1,000 AD
A
Spain leading sheep country with merinos
17
Q
1492/1493
A
- spain and england are sheep leaders
2. columbus leaves for west indies
18
Q
1519
A
- cortez - merinos to mexico from Spain
2. origin of navajo sheep
19
Q
1609
A
British breeds to virgina (southdown, shropshire, hampshire)
20
Q
1639
A
- 400 sheep in boston (wool production)
2. hang dog swamp (killed dogs who went for sheep)
21
Q
1810
A
New york and new england sheep centers
22
Q
1840
A
- new york, new england, ohio, pennsylvania sheep centers
- far west : 10,000 head/mission (merinos)
- 19 million head in US
23
Q
1850
A
- Ohio valley and great lakes
2. westward movement through civil war
24
Q
how many head of sheep were in the US in 1867?
A
46.3 million sheep (ohio had the most)
25
how many head of sheep were in the US in 2012?
5.3 million sheep
26
reason for sheep decline since peak in 1942? (6 reasons)
1. high risk- low return
2. labor shortage
3. grazing allotments (lack of land)
4. synthetic fibers
5. prestige (beef cattle are 1st)
6. World war 2
27
5 characteristics of sheep?
1. Form of horns
2. mature body size
3. Size and shape of ears
4. Leg Color
5. Mouth/Teeth
28
What is a scur?
Small horn 3-4", normally not attached to skull but is attached to skin
29
What does polled mean?
Absence of horns
30
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Barbados Blackbelly
Ewe : 75-120
| Ram : 110-140
31
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -St. Croix
Ewe : 100-140
| Ram : 140-160
32
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Finn
Ewe : 110-150
| Ram : 150-175
33
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Southdown
Ewe : 120-150
| Ram : 160-225
34
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Suffolk
Ewe : 175-250
| Ram : 250-350
35
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Hampshire
Ewe : 170-250
| Ram : 250-400
36
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -Polypay
Ewe : 130-180
| Ram : 180-240
37
Ewe/Ram Weights LBS
| -White Dorper
Ewe : 170-200
| Ram : 225-275
38
Sheep have how many incisors?
8 incisors ( bottom )
39
Sheep have what kind of cleft in there mouth?
vertical Cleft
40
The top of the she eps mouth is called what?
Dental pad
41
what is parrot mouth?
upper jaw protruding over the lower jaw
42
what is monkey mouth?
lower jaw protruding over the upper jaw
43
How many teeth does the sheep have?
32 teeth
44
how many canine teeth does a sheep have?
0
45
how many pre molars does a sheep have?
12 - 6 on top, 6 on bottom
46
how many molars does a sheep have?
12 - 6 on top, 6 on bottom
47
What is a tuft?
Wool covering the ear of the sheep
48
What is the domesticated sheeps greatest predator?
The Dog - kills many at a time
49
What state today has the greatest sheep numbers?
Texas
50
What is the average market weight of choice slaughter lambs?
ethinic - 40 lbs
| traditonal - 100-120 lbs
51
what is the average dressing percentage for choice slaughter lambs?
50-52%
52
what type of feed is fed to most sheep in the US?
roughage
53
During what season of the year are most sheep sheared?
Spring
54
what are the 4 components of a sheep stomach?
1. Rumen
2. Reticulum
3. Omasum
4. abomasum
55
How long is the estrus cycle for the ewe?
20-42 hours, 16-17 days later again if she is not breed
56
how long is a ewe's gestation length?
147 days
57
what does "artificially reared lambs" mean?
orphaned lambs on artificial milk replacer
58
Stock sheep and lambs on farms peaked in what two years?
1884, 1942
59
The west holds the most sheep, what are the 12 west states?
1. Washington
2. Oregon
3. California
4. Arizona
5. Nevada
6. Idaho
7. New Mexico
8. Montana
9. Wyoming
10. Colorado
11. Utah
12. South Dakota
60
what is a gland?
an organ that secretes (separated from blood, elaborated and discharged by an epithelial cell or cells of glands) a substance to be used in the body or to be eliminated from the body
61
Where is suborbital (crumen) gland located?
beneath the corner of the eye from a duct (canal) to the surface of the skin
62
The waste secreted from the suborbital gland will be _____ in nature?
fatty (sebaceous)
63
where is the interdigital gland located?
between the toes of each foot, as well as the groin area
64
Sheep use the scent of which gland to find there way back to the flock if lost?
interdigital gland
65
what duct causes lameness if blocked?
interdigital gland
66
where are the sweat glands located?
in the skin over the entire sheeps body
67
the secretion of the sweat glands is called what in wool?
suint
68
what is responsible for the unique odor of sheep?
dried suint
69
what does the sweat gland secrete?
water, potassium, salt, long chains of fatty acids
70
where are the sebaceous glands located?
over the entire body connected to each wool fiber
71
The sebaceous gland secretes which product?
primarily cholesterol
72
what gives wool a greasy feeling?
cholesterol from the sebaceous gland and suint from the sweat glands.
73
the combination of suint and cholesterol in the wool is called what?
yolk
74
what is the formula for calculate percent shirk?
grease wt-clean wt/grease wt X 100
75
which seep have the smallest amount of wool shrinkage? (fine wool)
merino, rambouillet
76
how many pounds of grease wool does it take to make a woman's coat?
6 lb.
77
how many pounds of grease wool does it take to make a mens suit?
8.7 lb.
78
what is the diameter of one wool fiber?
11 microns
79
wool ranges from how many fibers/square inch?
5,000-50,000 (50,000 being the nicer finer wool)
80
more dense the fibers....
the finer (smaller) the diameter the higher the quality of wool
81
wool ranges from how many inches in diameter?
.007-.0016
82
wool ranges how many inches long?
1-20 inches
83
The best quality wool is how many inches long?
5
84
the worst quality wool is how many inches long?
20
85
wool can stretch up to how much percent of its length?
30%
86
wool ranges in how many crimps per inch?
5-36 crimps/inch
87
what allows wool to be stretchy ?
crimps
88
diameter by diameter, wool is stronger than ____
steel
89
finest wool is found on what part of the sheep?
shoulder
90
What is the chemical composition of wool?
```
C=50%
O=25%
N=16%
H=7%
S=2%
Keratin-hard fibrous protien
```
91
4 properties of fine wool
1. serrated surface
2. crimpy, wavy
3. elastic
4. internal structure
92
4 properties of hair
1. smooth
2. lacks crimp
3. won't stretch
4. medulla
93
What are the three layers to wool and hair follicles?
1. epidermis
2. cortex
3. medulla
94
define medulla
inner part of wool or hair fiber (hallow-filled with air)
95
define cortex
outer portion of hair or wool fiber
96
define epidermis
outer epitheilal layer of external integument (an enveloping layer)
nonsensitive, nonvascular
97
what are the 10 virtues of wool?
1. porous
2. insulator
3. light weight
4. dye goes directly into fiber
5. durable
6. non-flammable
7. easily felted
8. resilient
9. static resistant
10. versatile
98
wool can absorb up to what percent without feeling damp?
18%
99
wool can absorb up to what percent without being saturated?
50%
100
what does an insulator do?
keep cold out, heat in
101
what kind of wool do soldiers use?
tropical warstedd wool
comes from fine wool
very expensive
102
Blood grade is based on what sheep breeding percentage?
Merino sheep
103
what are the 6 grades used in blood grading?
1. fine
2. 1/2 blood
3. 3/8 blood
4. 1/4 blood
5. low 1/4 blood
6. common/braid
104
1 hank = ____ yards
560 yards of a single standard strand of clean wool yarn
105
define hank
a coiled bundle (yarn, rope, wire) usually contained in a definite yardage
106
17 microns = _____ inch
.0007 inch
107
what is the microns and hank in fine blood grade wool?
17.70-20.04 microns
| 80s, 70s, 64s, 62s
108
what is the microns and hank in 1/2 blood grade wool?
22.05-24.94 microns
| 60s, 58s
109
what is the microns and hank in 3/8 blood grade wool?
24.45-27.84 microns
| 56s, 54s
110
what is the microns and hank in 1/4 blood grade wool?
27.85-30.99 microns
| 50s, 48s
111
what is the microns and hank in low 1/4 blood grade wool?
31.00-34.39 microns
| 46s
112
what is the microns and hank in common/braid blood grade wool?
34.40-40.20 microns
| 44s, 40s, 36s
113
hampshire sheep come from
england
114
polypay sheep come from
dubois, ID
115
white dorper sheep come from
south africa
116
define topknot
very light (dry) wool, shorter than rest of fleece. found on head
117
define neck wool
light conditioned (small amount of grease), long staple wool which may contain matted lumps
118
define shoulder wool
the best wool grown by sheep. This wool grades finer in fiber diameter than the rest of the fleece
119
define main sort
sometimes called side of fleece wool. it represents the average grade for the fleece
120
define back wool
similar to side wool, but usually shows more weathering and carries dirt and vegetable matter more than the balance of the fleece
121
define britch wool
coarsest part of the fleece. it may contain some modulated (hallow) fiber. found on back legs
122
define arm piece
shorter staple wool than the balance of the fleece, except the topknot
123
define hairy shanks
hairy or kempy fiber containing very little wool. It is used in low manufacturing like horse blankets when blended with other wool
124
define stained wool
wool that will not wash white and is very heavy in condition (urine, feces)
