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histology > Testis,epididymis, spermatic cord > Flashcards

Testis,epididymis, spermatic cord Flashcards

1
Q

what is the tunica albuginea, and what does it do?

A
  • fibrous tissue which encapsulate the testicular parenchyma

- it penetrates the testis to form an incomplete septum called Mediastenum testis

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2
Q

what is the mediastinum testis?

A

an incomplete fibrous septa which forms the SEPTULA TESTIS

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3
Q

what does the septula testis do?

A

radiates into the tunica albuginea, forming lobules called TESTICULAR LOBULES

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4
Q

what does a testicular lobule contain?

A

contains the convuluted seminiferous tubules which run towards the mediastinum

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5
Q

what is the tubuli recti

A

straight ducts which are the continuation of the convuluted seminiferous tubules at the apex of the of the testicular lobule

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6
Q

what happens to the tubuli recti once entering the fibrous mediastinum?

A

the converge and anastomose and are now called rete testis

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7
Q

what lines the seminiferous tubules lined with

A

semineferous epithelium, and is supported by spermatogenic and non spermatogenic supporting cells

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8
Q

where are the leydig cell? and what is there function?

A

located between the semineferous tubules and they are androgen secreting cells (secrete testosterone)

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9
Q

what is the tunica vasculosa?

A

it is a loose delicate connective tissue which covers the testicular lobule

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10
Q

what is the lamina propria composed of?

A

of flat myoid cells or peritubular contractile cells

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11
Q

semineferous epithelium has two categories

A

spermatogonia, and sertolie cells

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12
Q

what are spermatogonia and what types are there?

A
  • diploid cells, that sit on the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules
  • there are type A, and type B
  • Type A is sub organised to DARK type A, and PALE type A
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13
Q

what does testosterone induce?

A

induces derivatives of PALE type A spermatogonia to proliferate producing type B spermatogonia

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14
Q

characteristic of type B spermatogonia

A

pale, spherical, contains a lot of chromatin, and under go MITOTIC division to produce PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES

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15
Q

what happens to PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTES? and how many chromatids does it contain?

A
  • once produced they migrate from the basal compartment into the broader adluminal compartment, they exchange genetic material (crossing over)
  • under go 1st MEIOTIC DIVISION to produce secondary spermatocytes
  • contains 4 chromatids (4n)
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16
Q

what happens to Secondary spermatocytes?

A

(2n DNA), 23 chromosomes; undergo a second meiotic division to SPERMATIDS / SPERMATOZOA,

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17
Q

what is the size of spermatids? and what do they undergo? how much DNA do they contain?

A
  • 8 micrometers

- they undergo spermiogeneisis (maturation process) where they turn to flagellated sperm

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18
Q

what are sertoli cells? and what do they contain? and what do they line?

A
  • non germinal, tall coloumnar, 1-2 nuclei
  • contain cytoplasmic process and invagination on their sides and apical parts
  • they line the tubuli recti
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19
Q

what do is the function of the cytoplasmic process of the sertoli cells?

A
  • function to bind nerighbouring sertoli cells which seperates the basal compartment from the luminal compartment creating a BLOOD TESTIS BARRIER
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20
Q

where is the intertubular space? and what is it occupied by?

A
  • between the semineferous tubules,

- occupied by fibroblast, mast cells, macrophages and leydig cells

21
Q

charecteristics of the leydig cells? and where are they absent in?

A
  • produce testosterone
  • polyhedral shaped contain 1-2 nuclei, acidophilic cytoplasm
  • absent in the mediastinum
22
Q

charecteristic of the upper pole of the mediastinum

A

-the rete testis extend 10 - 20 efferent tubules (ductuli efferent), which perforate the tunica albuginea to each the epididymis

23
Q

what do the efferent ductule perforate

A

tunica albuginea and enter the head of the epididymis in which are continued firstly as straight tubules

24
Q

where does the duct of the epididymis lie? and what is it surrounded by? and what does it include?

A
  • lies in the scrotum along the superior and posterior sides of the testis
  • surrounded by connective tissue
  • includes a head region where the efferent ductules enter, a body and a tail which opens into the ductus deferens
25
Q

the efferent ductules enter the head of the epididymis which continue as straight tubules then what happens after?

A

they become highly convuluted and form conical lobules of the epididymis and open into a single convoluted tubule the DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS

26
Q

what is the efferent ductules lined by?

A

ciliated tall columnar epithelium

27
Q

what absorbs the fluid secreted by the semineferous tubules?

A

shorter non ciliated cells among the columnar cells of the efferent ductules

28
Q

what are PRINCIPLE CELLS and where are they found?

A

tall coloumnar cells which are a part of the columnar cells that line the ductus epididymis

29
Q

where are basal cells (stem cells) located

A

located as a part of the epithelium lining the ductus epididymis, they are the short coloumnar cells which rest on the basal membrane

30
Q

what extends from the apical surface of the principal cells?

A

extremely long microvilli called streocilia, and they extend into the lumen.

31
Q

how is smooth muscle arranged around the epididymis

A
  • head = circularly arranged smooth muscle cells form a thin coat
  • tail = muscle coat thickens, displaying inner and outer longitudinal and intermediate circular layers of smooth muscle cells
32
Q

what is the processus vaginalis? and what does it do ?

A
  • visceral layer of the peritoneal

- covers the right upper surface of the section of the head

33
Q

how is the coils of efferent ductules and epidiymal duct held together?

A

by vascular connective tissue

34
Q

where does the spermatic cord extend to?

A

from the deep inguinal ring through the superficial inguinal ring to the upper posterior part of the testis

35
Q

what are the three coverings of the spermatic cord? and where do they originate from?

A
  • external spermatic fascia
  • cremasteric fascia
  • internal spermatic fascia
  • ** originate from the layers of the abdominal wall
36
Q

what is the external spermatic fascia?

A

thin fibrous layer originating from the crura of the superficial inguinal ring formed by the aponeurosis of the obliqus externus abdominis

37
Q

what is the cremasteric fascia?

A

consists of loops of skeletal muscle, constituting the cremaster muscle.

38
Q

what is the internal spermatic fascia?

A

originates from the transversalis fascia

39
Q

what does the spermatic cord consist of?

A
  • defernt duct
  • arteries(testicular,deferential,cremasteric)
  • veins(pampiniform plexus)
  • lymphatic vessels and nerves,
  • testicular sympathetic plexus
40
Q

what forms a sac like extension around the spermatic cord?

A

muscle invested by look areolar connective tissue from the cremasteric fascia

41
Q

information about the ductus deferns

A

has an extremely thick wall composed of inner mucosal layer and an outer muscular layer surrounded by loose connective tissue

42
Q

the mucosa of the ductus deferns

A

forms longitudinal folds whose epithelial lining is simple coloumnar or pseudostratified columnar

43
Q

cells that are devoid of microvilli show typical signs of?

A

apocrine secretion

44
Q

the muscularis externa

A

extremely thick composed of inner and outer longitudinal layer and an intermediate circular layer of smooth muscle cells

45
Q

what is the lagest caliber arterty in the spermatic cord?

A

testicular artery

46
Q

how do the testicular veins work

A

they leave the testis, collect the venous blood from the epidiymis and then form a venous plexus around the testicular artery.

47
Q

what is the largest components of the spermatic cord, and lie anterior to the deferent duct?

A
  • the pampiniform plexus

- the testicular artery

48
Q

what structures do the veins of the spermatic cord display?

A

inner longitudinal and outer circular smooth muscle layers in their tunica media

49
Q

what is PROCESSUS VAGINALIS TESTIS

A

a cavity can be located between the cremaster muscle and the ductus deferns

histology (29 decks)

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