The Abdomen Part 2

Question 1

List the six main functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

•Ingestion
•Digestion
•Peristalsis
•Secretion
•Absorption
•Elimination

Question 2

What function of the digestive system involves the introduction of solid and liquid nutrients into the oral cavity?

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

What function of the digestive system involves the breakdown of large food items into smaller structures and molecules?

Answer 3

Digestion

Question 4

What aspect of digestion involves the break down of ingested material into smaller pieces of the same material?

Answer 4

Mechanical digestion

Question 5

What aspect of digestion involves the break down of molecules into their component parts?

Answer 5

Chemical digestion

Question 6

What is the process of muscular contraction that forms ripples along part of the GI tract and causes material to move further along the tract?

Answer 6

Peristalsis

Question 7

What is the churning and mixing of movement that occurs in the small intestine?

Answer 7

Segmentation

Question 8

What is the process of producing and releasing fluid products such as acid, bile, digestive enzymes, and mucin?

Answer 8

Secretion

Question 9

What is the passive or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins, and water across the GI tract epithelium and into GI tract blood and lymphatic vessels?

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

What are all the undigestable materials as well as waste products secreted by the accessory organs into the GI tract and discharged through the anus?

Answer 10

Feces

Question 11

What is the process of elimination by the digestive system?

Answer 11

Defecation

Question 12

What extension of the peritoneum extends inferiorly like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach and cover most of the abdominal organs?

Answer 12

Greater omentum

Question 13

What extension of the peritoneum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal end of the duodenum to the liver?

Answer 13

Lesser omentum

Question 14

What fan shaped fold of peritoneum suspends most of the small intestine from the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 14

Mesentary proper

Question 15

What gold of peritoneum attaches parts of the large intestine to the internal surface of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 15

Mesocolon

Question 16

What type of mesentery attaches one organ to another organ or attaches an organ to the anterior or lateral abdominal wall?

Answer 16

Peritoneal ligament

Question 17

What is the shape of the stomach?

Answer 17

J shaped

Question 18

Where is the stomach located?

Answer 18

Left upper quadrant of the abdomen immediately inferior to the diaphragm

Question 19

What region of the stomach is attached to the esophagus?

Answer 19

Cardia

Question 20

What is the dome shaped region of the stomach?

Answer 20

Fundus

Question 21

What is the largest region of the stomach?

Answer 21

Body

Question 22

What region of the stomach is funnel shaped and attached to the duodenum?

Answer 22

Pylorus

Question 23

What circular muscle of the stomach regulates the material entering the small intestine?

Answer 23

Pyloric sphincter

Question 24

What is the inferior convex border of the stomach?

Answer 24

Greater curvature

Question 25

What is the superior concave border of the stomach?

Answer 25

Lesser curvature

Question 26

What are the internal folds of the stomach?

Answer 26

Gastric rugae

Question 27

How many layers of smooth muscle are found in the stomach and what are they called?

Answer 27

•Longitudinal •Circular •Oblique

Question 28

What is another term for the small intestine?

Answer 28

Small bowel

Question 29

What is the first segment of the small intestine?

Answer 29

Duodenum

Question 30

Bile and pancreatic juice enter the small intestine through what structure?

Answer 30

Major duodenal papilla

Question 31

What is the second segment of the small intestine?

Answer 31

Jejunum

Question 32

What is the third segment of the small intestine?

Answer 32

Ileum

Question 33

What circular muscle controls the flow of material from the small intestine to the large intestine?

Answer 33

Ileocecal valve

Question 34

What is a synonym for the large intestine?

Answer 34

Large bowel

Question 35

What is the first region of the large intestine?

Answer 35

Cecum

Question 36

Where is the first region of the large intestine located?

Answer 36

Right lower abdominal quadrant

Question 37

What thin hollow finger like sac lined by lymphocyte filled lymphatic nodules is attached to the first region of the large intestine?

Answer 37

Vermiform appendix

Question 38

What segment of the large intestine extends from the ileocecal valve superiorly along the right lateral border of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 38

Ascending colon

Question 39

What bend in the colon occurs near the inferior surface of the liver?

Answer 39

Hepatic flexure

Question 40

What segment of the large intestine projects horizontally across the anterior region of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 40

Transverse colon

Question 41

What bend in the colon occurs near the spleen?

Answer 41

Splenic flexure

Question 42

What segment of the large intestine lies along the left side of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 42

Descending colon

Question 43

What segment of the large intestine is s shaped and turns inferomedially into the pelvic cavity?

Answer 43

Sigmoid colon

Question 44

What segment of the large intestine is straight and lies on the posterior wall of the true pelvis?

Answer 44

Rectum

Question 45

What is the terminal section of the large intestine?

Answer 45

Anal canal

Question 46

What two circular muscles regulate the passage of feces from the anal canal?

Answer 46

Internal and external anal sphincters

Question 47

What is the posterior opening of the alimentary canal?

Answer 47

Anus

Question 48

What are the three thin distinct longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle on the exterior of the large intestine?

Answer 48

Taeniae coli

Question 49

What are the many pouches that the large intestine is divided into?

Answer 49

Haustra

Question 50

What are the lobules of fat hanging off the external surface of the large intestine?

Answer 50

Epiploic appendages

Question 51

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 51

Upper left quadrant, lateral to stomach inferior to diaphragm

Question 52

What organ of the abdomen has major lymphatic functions and breaks down red blood cells?

Answer 52

The spleen

Question 53

What region of the spleen allows blood vessels to enter and exit?

Answer 53

Hilum

Question 54

Where is the liver located?

Answer 54

Right upper abdominal quadrant immediately inferior to the diaphragm

Question 55

What fold of peritoneum attaches the liver to the anterior internal abdominal wall?

Answer 55

Falcifrom ligament

Question 56

What are the two major lobes of the liver?

Answer 56

•Right lobe •Left lobe

Question 57

What separates the two major loves of the liver?

Answer 57

Falciform ligament

Question 58

What are the two minor lobes of the liver?

Answer 58

•Caudate lobe •Quadrate lobe

Question 59

What lobe of the liver lies adjacent to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 59

Caudate lobe

Question 60

What lobe of the liver is adjacent to the gallbladder?

Answer 60

Quadrate lobe

Question 61

What remnant of the fetal umbilical vein is associated with the liver?

Answer 61

Round ligament

Question 62

What is the area where blood and lymphatic vessels, bile ducts, and nerves enter the liver?

Answer 62

The Hilum

Question 63

What collection of vessels make up the porta hepatis?

Answer 63

•The common bile duct •The hepatic portal vein •Hepatic artery proper

Question 64

What is the gallbladder and where is it located?

Answer 64

A small sac-like organ that stores bile. Anteroinferior aspect of the liver

Question 65

What are the regions of the gallbladder?

Answer 65

•Neck •Body •Fundus

Question 66

What structure fills and drains the gallbladder?

Answer 66

Cystic duct