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Orthopedic Impairments > The Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

The Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Each foot contains:

___ bones

___ joints

___ muscles

A

28 bones

30 joints

100 muscles

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2
Q

Primary Mobile Joint Names

A
  • Talocrural (Talotibial)
  • Subtalar (Talocalcaneal)
  • Metatarso-phalangeal (MTP)
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3
Q

Primary Moderate Moving joints

A
  • Midtarsal (made up of 2 joints)
    • Talonavicular
    • Calcaneocuboid
  • Metatarsocuboid (for 4th and 5th metatarsals)
  • Navicular-cuneiform (navicular with all 3 cuneiforms)
  • “Lis Franc” (aka tarso-metatarsal (TMT) or cuneiform-metatarsal)
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4
Q

Sections of the Foot

A
  • Hindfoot
    • Calcaneus and Talus
  • Midfoot
    • Tarsals (navicular, cuboid and cuneiforms)
  • Forefoot
    • Metatarsals and Phalanges
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5
Q
A
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6
Q
A
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7
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

Pronation

and

Supination

A
  • Pronation
    • Calcaneal
      • Dorsiflexion
      • Eversion
      • Horizontal Abduction
  • Supination
    • Calcaneal
    • Plantarflexion
    • Inversion
    • Horizontal Adduction
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8
Q

Open Kinetic Chain

Pronation

and

Supination

A
  • Pronation
    • Calcaneal Eversion
    • Talar Plantarflexion and Horizontal Adduction
  • Supination
    • Calcaneal Inversion
    • Talar Dorsiflexion and Horizontal Abduction
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9
Q

Primary Dorsiflexors muscles

A

–Tibialis Anterior

–Extensor hallucis longus

–Extensor digitorum longus

–Fibularis tertius

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10
Q

Primary Plantarflexors muscles

A

–Gastrocnemius

–Soleus

–Plantaris (although weak)

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11
Q

Secondary Plantarflexors muscles

A

–Tibialis posterior

–Flexor digitorum longus

–Flexor hallucis longus

–Fibularis longus

–Fibularis brevis

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12
Q

Primary Evertors muscles

A

–Fibularis longus and brevis

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13
Q

Primary Invertors muscle

A

–Tibialis Posterior

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14
Q

•Secondary Evertors muscle

A

–Fibularis tertius and Extensor digitorum longus

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15
Q

•Secondary Invertors

A

–Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus, TA, Ext hallucis longus

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16
Q

Lateral Arch Support

A
  • Tendon of peroneus longus, brevis, tertius
  • Plantar aponeurosis
  • Abductor digiti minimi
  • Flexor digitorum brevis 4 & 5
  • Long plantar ligament
  • Short plantar ligament
17
Q

Medial Longitudinal Support

A
  • Tom, dick and Harry
  • Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
  • Plantar fascia
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor digitorum brevis II, III
18
Q

Talocrural Joint

A
  • Concave tibial plafond and convex talar dome
  • Axis– posterolateral inferior to anteromedial superior, approximately 15 degrees off the frontal plane.
  • Triplanar motion
    • PF-Add-inv
    • DF-Abd-ever
  • Open pack position– slight PF (10 degrees)
  • Closed pack position– maximal DF
19
Q

•What’s the name of the ligament on medial side?

A

Deltoid – 4 parts on medial side coming from the navicular, talus and calcaneus and connecting to the medial malleolus

20
Q

•Name the Lateral stabilizing ligaments:

A

–Anterior talofibular

–Calcaneofibular

–Posterior talofibular

21
Q

Describe retinaculum and what are the names?

A

band around tendons that holds them in place

  • Transverse crural (superior extensor retinaculum)
  • Cruciate crural (inferior extensor retinaculum)
22
Q

What do the lateral ankle ligaments do?

A

Help resist anterior/posterior glide of talus on the tibia

Help resist dorsiflexion and plantarflexion and inversion

23
Q

3 Important lateral ankle ligaments

A
  1. ATF
  2. CF
  3. PTF
24
Q

When is ATF, CF, and PTF under greatest tension? What are their purposes?

A
  • ATF under greatest tension in plantar flexion
    • Resists ankle inversion, plantar flexion, and anterior glide of the talus
  • CF under greatest tension in dorsiflexion
    • resists ankle inversion- more so when neutral or dorsiflexed
  • PTF under greatest strain in dorsiflexion
    • Limits posterior talar glide and talar external rotation
25
Q
  • Strength of Lateral Ligaments (based on cadaver loading force)
  • Deltoid ligament resists eversion, external rotation and plantarflexion
A

Anterior talofibular (139 N)

Posterior talofibular (261 N)

Calcaneofibular (346 N)

Deltoid ligament resists eversion, external rotation and plantarflexion (714 N)

26
Q

__% of all ankle sprains are ____sprains.

A

85% of all ankle sprains are inversion sprains.

27
Q

Ankle sprain Typical Basic Grading scale:

A

Grade 1 = injury to the ATF

Grade 2 = injury to ATF and CF

Grade 3 = injury to all 3 lateral ankle ligaments (ATF, CF, PTF)

28
Q
A

Orthopedic Impairments (3 decks)

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