What two organelles are in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
- Membrane-bound organelles in cytosol
2. Nucleus
Because there is no nucleus in prokaryotic cells, where is DNA stored?
Nucleoid
Three details corresponding with eukaryotic cells:
Membrane enclosed nucleus contains chromosomes
Many membrane-bound organelles are found in cytoplasm
Much larger than prokaryotes
What is the plasma membrane made up of?
Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
Flagellum
Locomotion organelle, composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Smooth: synthesis of LIPIDS, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons
Rough: is covered in ribosomes. These are associated with PROTEIN synthesis.
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER
Nucleolus
Non-membranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes
Chromatin
Located with in the nucleus; material consisting of DNA and proteins
Ribosomes
Non-membranous organelles that make proteins
Golgi apparatus
Organelle active in synthesis, modification of products from ER, sorting, and secretion of cell products (exporting through vesicles which bud off)
cis face-receives
trans face-ships
Lysosome
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Mitochondrion
Organelle where cellular respiration occurs most ATP is generated
Peroxisome
Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; destroys hydrogen peroxide
Microvilli
Projections that increase the cells surface area
Cytoskeleton
Reinforces sells shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein
Microtubules
Made of the protein tubulin; the largest of skeleton fibers. Shape and support the cell and serve as tracks with which organelles equipped with motor proteins can move. Also separate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Structural components of cilia and flagella
Microfilaments
Composed of the protein actin. Functions in smaller scale support. When coupled with myosin, can be involved with movement.
Intermediate filaments
Slightly larger than Microfilaments, but smaller than microtubules. More permanent fixtures in the cell, where importance in maintaining the shape of cell and fixing positions of certain organelles.
Centrosome
Region where the cells microtubules are initiated. Contains a pair of centrioles in animal cells
What organelles are in animal cells but not plant cells?
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Flagella
Chloroplast
Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
Plasmodesmata
Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells
Cell wall
Outer layer that maintains cell shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein
Central vacuole
Storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth
Tonoplast
Membrane enclosing the central vacuole
What organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole and tonoplast
Cell wall
Plasmodesmata