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AP Biology > The Cell > Flashcards

Flashcards in The Cell Deck (27)
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1
Q

What two organelles are in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

A
  1. Membrane-bound organelles in cytosol

2. Nucleus

2
Q

Because there is no nucleus in prokaryotic cells, where is DNA stored?

A

Nucleoid

3
Q

Three details corresponding with eukaryotic cells:

A

Membrane enclosed nucleus contains chromosomes
Many membrane-bound organelles are found in cytoplasm
Much larger than prokaryotes

4
Q

What is the plasma membrane made up of?

A

Phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

5
Q

Flagellum

A

Locomotion organelle, composed of membrane-enclosed microtubules

6
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Smooth: synthesis of LIPIDS, metabolism of carbohydrates, and detoxification of drugs and poisons

Rough: is covered in ribosomes. These are associated with PROTEIN synthesis.

7
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores, contiguous with ER

8
Q

Nucleolus

A

Non-membranous organelle involved in production of ribosomes

9
Q

Chromatin

A

Located with in the nucleus; material consisting of DNA and proteins

10
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non-membranous organelles that make proteins

11
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Organelle active in synthesis, modification of products from ER, sorting, and secretion of cell products (exporting through vesicles which bud off)
cis face-receives
trans face-ships

12
Q

Lysosome

A

Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed

13
Q

Mitochondrion

A

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs most ATP is generated

14
Q

Peroxisome

A

Organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; destroys hydrogen peroxide

15
Q

Microvilli

A

Projections that increase the cells surface area

16
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Reinforces sells shape, functions in cell movement; components are made of protein

17
Q

Microtubules

A

Made of the protein tubulin; the largest of skeleton fibers. Shape and support the cell and serve as tracks with which organelles equipped with motor proteins can move. Also separate chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Structural components of cilia and flagella

18
Q

Microfilaments

A

Composed of the protein actin. Functions in smaller scale support. When coupled with myosin, can be involved with movement.

19
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Slightly larger than Microfilaments, but smaller than microtubules. More permanent fixtures in the cell, where importance in maintaining the shape of cell and fixing positions of certain organelles.

20
Q

Centrosome

A

Region where the cells microtubules are initiated. Contains a pair of centrioles in animal cells

21
Q

What organelles are in animal cells but not plant cells?

A

Lysosomes
Centrioles
Flagella

22
Q

Chloroplast

A

Photosynthetic organelle; converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules

23
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

24
Q

Cell wall

A

Outer layer that maintains cell shape and protects cell from mechanical damage; made of cellulose, other polysaccharides, and protein

25
Q

Central vacuole

A

Storage, breakdown of waste products, hydrolysis of macromolecules; enlargement of vacuole is a major mechanism of plant growth

26
Q

Tonoplast

A

Membrane enclosing the central vacuole

27
Q

What organelles are in plant cells but not animal cells?

A

Chloroplasts
Central vacuole and tonoplast
Cell wall
Plasmodesmata