The Coastal Zone

Question 1

The Coastal Zone

Answer 1

• Academic interest emerged in the 1970’s
• CZM – Coastal Zone Management
• ICZM – Integrated Coastal Zone Management
• TCC – Tourism Carrying Capacity
• WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development
• Coastal areas have become the shape and expression of cultural, economic, spatial and social structures of the regions and nations in which they are located.

Question 2

Managing the Coastal Zone

Answer 2

• Physical Criteria
  
  • Geographic zone
• Ecological Criteria
  
  • Landwards, brackisk, littoral subsystems, seawards and netric zone
• Administrative and Judicial Criteria
  
  • Reflect of national and internationally agreements
• Economic Criteria
  
  • Link to local industry and agriculture.

Question 3

Coastal Tourism - Governance

Answer 3

• Marine Policy
• Coastal Zone Management
• Conservation
• Ecology
• Heritage

Question 4

Managing the Coastal Zone

Answer 4

• Social policy and sustainability issues
• Political and Geographic borders
• Conflicts: Tourism, mariculture, conservation, urbanisation, industrial development, agriculture, navigation, transportation

Question 5

ICM - Integrated Coastal Management

Answer 5

• Economic Activities by Coastal Zone Locality as a Port
• National Roles Sharing Interests
• Role of Tourism
• Coastal Ecosystems
• Waste Management
• Social and Economical Aspirations
• Allocation of Land for Reservation Areas
• Governance and Policies
• Issues of the Future

Question 6

Planning Issues for Coastal Destinations

Answer 6

1. Conflicts of resources
2. Resource depletion problems
3. Resource degradation
4. Security and Political Security
5. Quality of life of residents
6. Long-term sustainability
7. Administrative responsibilities
8. Future challenges

Question 7

Policy Environment

Answer 7

• Regulatory instruments
• Voluntary agreements
• Expenditure
• Financial incentives
• Non-intervention

Question 8

Traditional View of Coastal Tourism

Answer 8

• Democratization of Leisure Tourism
• Mass Tourism by Resorts Seaside
• Specialization
• Resort development models

Question 9

Theories Coastal Tourism Evolution

Answer 9

• Old Tourist: Fordist style (Mass Tourism)

* New Tourist: Post Fordist (Experience Tourism)

Question 10

Planning in Coastal Destinations

Answer 10

• Planning fermented by demand
• Generally built into a zoning hierarchy
• Development can be rapid spontaneous and unguided
– Resorts in Asia in the 1970’s and 1980’s
• Corruption awarding buildings in coastal areas
– Profit by investors
– Increased pollution, beachfront development and inadequate infrastructure
• Hotel War between Government and Private Investors

Question 11

Environmental Impacts

Answer 11

• Degradation and Pollution
• Destruction of habitats and Ecosystem damage
• Specie loss
• Loss of coastal and marine resources
• Groundwater and surface water diversion
• Coastal pollution

Question 12

Social and Moral Issues

Answer 12

• Loss of built heritage
• Loss of livelihood
• Displacement of original residents
• Decline in the resilience of the local community
• Cultural disruption
• Increased crime

Question 13

Threats to Coastal Zones

Answer 13

• Global warming
• Ice cap melting
• Tsunamis
• Wind storms
• Sea / Earthquakes
• Sea levels rise

Question 14

Issues for Coastal Tourism

Answer 14

• Ignored importance of Integrated Coastal Management
• Scale and growth of coastal cities is enormous – Role that tourism plays in cities is not well understood
• Coastal resorts will attract significant flows – Climate change to impact
• Sea levels rise many coastal resorts will become inundated
• Mass tourism to flourish along modern forms of tourism demand