The consequences of development

Question 0

Benefits of migration for the source country

Answer 0

Natural increase slows as young adults leave.
Less pressure on resources.
Remittance sent back.
Return migrants bring skills and money to invest.

Question 1

Migration

Answer 1

Increased migration flows appear to be an integral part of development and are of two kinds, international and internal. International involves both immigration to a country as it develops and emigration. The internal flows are mostly one way, from rural to urban.

Question 2

Benefits of migration for the host country

Answer 2

Declining populations boosted by migrants.
Human resources enhanced.
Labour force needs filled.
Higher pay for skilled workers who then pay taxes.
Multicultural society - religion, food etc…

Question 3

Costs of migration on source country

Answer 3

Population becomes older.
Fewer people to develop country's resources.
Loss of skilled workers.
Westernisation of returnees.
Diminished cultural diversity.

Question 4

Costs of migration for the host country

Answer 4

Racial and social tensions.
Gender concentrations.
Increased pressure on resources unless their contribution to the economy raises living standards.
Social support if unemployed.

Question 5

CASE STUDY: Emigration in Ecuador

Answer 5

Experienced two major waves in the 80s and 90s following oil price collapses and economic downturns, 10-15% of Ecuadorians moved overseas.
The growing return of migrants from the USA has produced a cultural upheaval, it is difficult for returnees to reintegrate.

Question 6

CASE STUDY: Pollution in China

Answer 6

Environmental degradation is creating a major long term burden for the Chinese people. The major contributors to pollution include:

1) large scale working of coal and other minerals.
2) coal fired power stations which discharge huge amounts of pollution.
3) heavy industry, which requires a lot of energy from the burning of fossil fuels.
4) expanding car ownership.