The Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Visceral afferents, including taste fibers, terminate in the.

Answer 1

Nucleus solitarius of the medulla

Question 2

Lies in the ventral apex of the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain, at the level of the superior colliculus.

Answer 2

The oculomotor nucleus

Question 3

What are the nuclei of the somatic efferent cell column?

Answer 3

3,4,6 and 12

Question 4

What are the muscles that are supplied by the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 4

Levator palpebrae superioris + all of the extraocular muscles
* except the superior oblique and the lateral rectus.

Question 5

Lies in the midbrain , at the ventral border of the periaqueductal grey, at the level of the inferior colliculus.

Answer 5

The trochlear nucleus

Question 6

Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

Answer 6

The trochlear nerve

Question 7

Located in the caudal pons, beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.

Answer 7

The abducens nucleus

Question 8

Innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

Answer 8

The abducent nerve

Question 9

Lies in the medulla, and innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue.

Answer 9

The hypoglossal nucleus via the hypoglossal nerve

Question 10

Innervates striated muscles derived from the branchial arches.

Answer 10

The branchiomotor cell column

Question 11

CN nucleus located in the tegmentum of the mid-pons.

Answer 11

The trigeminal motor nucleus

Question 12

Innervates muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid and the anterior belly of digastric.

Answer 12

The trigeminal nerve

Question 13

Where does the facial motor nucleus is located ?

Answer 13

In the caudal pontine tegmentum

Question 14

What does the facial nerve innervates?

Answer 14

Muscles of mastication + the stapedius muscle

Question 15

Within the medulla, this nucleus sends motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus and cranial parts of the accessory nerve to innervate the muscles of the pharynx and larynx.

Answer 15

The nucleus ambiguus

Question 16

The nuclei of the parasympathetic cell column send axons into.

Answer 16

3, 7, 9 and 10 CN

Question 17

Lies in the midbrain adjacent to the oculomotor nucleus.

Answer 17

The Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Question 18

Where does the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei are located?

Answer 18

In the pontine tegmentum

Question 19

Supplies preganglionic cibers to the facial nerve that terminate in the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia.

Answer 19

The superior salivatory nucleus

Question 20

Postganglionic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate.

Answer 20

The lacrimal gland + the nasal and oral mucous membranes

Question 21

The postganglionic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate.

Answer 21

The submandibular + The sublingual salivary glands

Question 22

The preganglionic fibers of the facial nerve terminate in.

Answer 22

The pterygopalatine + The submandibular ganglia

Question 23

The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into.

Answer 23

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 24

The preganglionic fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve terminate in.

Answer 24

The otic ganglion

Question 25

The inferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers into the glossopharyngeal nerve. These terminate in the otic ganglion, which in turn sends postganglionic axons to.

Answer 25

Parotid salivary gland

Question 26

What is the largest preganglionic parasympathetic cell group? And where does it lie?

Answer 26

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( in the medulla )

Question 27

This nucleus lies lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus and its rostral portion lies immediately beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.

Answer 27

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus

Question 28

Fibers of this CN course ventrally through the midbrain tegmentum, transversing the red nucleus, to exit on the medial aspect of the crus cerebri within the interpeduncular fossa.

Answer 28

The oculomotor nerve

Question 29

CN Passes between the posterior cerebral and the superior cerebellar arteries.

Answer 29

Oculomotor nerve + Trochlear nerve

Question 30

What are the CN that lies on the wall of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 30

Oculomotor - trochlear - maxillary - ophthalmic nerves

Question 31

What is the nerve that pass through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 31

Abducent nerve

Question 32

This nerve is responsible for elevation of the upper eyelid .

Answer 32

The oculomotor nerve ( levator palpebrae superioris )

Question 33

This CN is responsible for accommodation and pupillary light reflex.

Answer 33

The oculomotor nerve

Question 34

The efferent axons of this CN pass dorsally, around the periaqueductal grey, and decussate in the midline.

Answer 34

The trochlear nerve

Question 35

The only CN that emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem.

Answer 35

The trochlear nerve

Question 36

Lesion of the right trochlear nucleus, means that the........ eye will be affected.

Answer 36

The left eye ( axons lass dorsally around the periaqueductal grey and *decussate in the midline )

Question 37

Its nucleus lies beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle in the caudal pons.

Answer 37

The abducent nerve

Question 38

Emerge from the ventral surface of the brainstem at the junction between the pons and the pyramid.

Answer 38

The abducent nerve

Question 39

Lesion causes ipsilateral internal strabismus.

Answer 39

The abducent nerve

Question 40

What is the main sensory nerve of the head?

Answer 40

The trigeminal nerve

Question 41

The roots of the ............... CN lies on the ventrolateral aspect of the pons, where it merges with the middle cerebellar peduncle.

Answer 41

The trigeminal nerve

Question 42

A CN responsible for innervation of the intracranial dura mater and intracranial arteries.

Answer 42

The trigeminal nerve

Question 43

Where does the cell bodies of afferents in the trigeminal nerve located?

Answer 43

In the trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion ( except those conveying proprioception )

Question 44

The afferents of the trigeminal nerve terminate in.

Answer 44

The trigeminal sensory nucleus

Question 45

What are the three subnuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus?

Answer 45

- chief (principle) sensory nucleus. - mesencephalic nucleus. - spinal nucleus.

Question 46

The chief sensory nucleus lie in.

Answer 46

The pontine tegmentum

Question 47

One of the sub-nuclei of the trigeminal sensory nucleus, which becomes continuous with the substantia gelatinosa.

Answer 47

The spinal nucleus

Question 48

Proprioceptive afferents from the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joint have their cell bodies in.

Answer 48

The mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal

Question 49

Axon arising from the second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus decussate to form .

Answer 49

The trigeminothalamic tract (trigeminal lemniscus)

Question 50

The trigeminothalamic tract terminate in.

Answer 50

The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Question 51

What are the CNs that are responsible for the corneal reflex?

Answer 51

- the trigeminal nerve (sensory) to the trigeminal sensory nucleus. - the facial nerve (motor) from the facial motor nucleus.

Question 52

What are the CNs that are responsible for sneeze and cough reflexes?

Answer 52

Afferents running in either the trigeminal nerve ( from nasal mucosa ) or the vagus nerve ( from the larynx and trachea ) and ending in the trigeminal sensory nucleus.

Question 53

Interconnections between the trigeminal sensory nucleus and the ............. nucleus contributing to the sneeze and cough reflex.

Answer 53

The ambiguus nucleus

Question 54

Herpes zoster infection of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve lead to.

Answer 54

Pain and eruption of the vesicles in the dermatomes supplied by the trigeminal branches ( V1,2 and 3 )

Question 55

Where does the trigeminal motor nucleus located?

Answer 55

In the pontine tegmentum, medial to the chief ( principle ) sensory nucleus.

Question 56

What are the muscles that are innervated by the mandibular nerve?

Answer 56

Masseter - temporalis - lateral and medila pterygoids - tensor tempani - tensor veli palatini - mylohyoid - anterior belly of the digastric.

Question 57

What are the muscle that are responsible for opening of the jaw?

Answer 57

Lateral and medial pterygoids.

Question 58

What are the muscle that are responsible for closing the jaw?

Answer 58

Masseter and temporalis

Question 59

A CN Lies in the cerebellopontine angle.

Answer 59

The facial nerve.

Question 60

What does the sensory fibers of the facial nerve supply?

Answer 60

- taste sensation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. - floor of the mouth and palate. - auricle of the ear.

Question 61

The cell bodies of the primary afferent neurons of the facial nerve lies in.

Answer 61

Geniculate ganglion ( within the facial canal of the petrous part temporal bone ).

Question 62

The central processes of taste fibers terminate in the rostral part of.

Answer 62

Nucleus solitarius of the medulla

Question 63

The ascending fibers from the nucleus solitarius project to.

Answer 63

The ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus

Question 64

Afferent facial nerve fibers that carry cutaneous sensation terminate in.

Answer 64

The trigeminal nucleus

Question 65

The axons of this cranial nucleus loops over the abducens nucleus before leaving the brainstem.

Answer 65

The facial motor nucleus ( in the caudal pontine tegmentum ).

Question 66

What are the muscle that are supplied by the facial nerve?

Answer 66

- muscles of facial expressions. - platysma. - stylohyoid. - posterior belly of digastric. - the stapedius.

Question 67

This CN is responsible for Jaw jerk reflex.

Answer 67

The trigeminal nerve ( trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus + trigeminal motor nucleus ).

Question 68

Closure of the eye in response to visual stimuli is controlled by.

Answer 68

The facial nerve ( through fibers from the superior colliculus )

Question 69

What nerve is responsible for contraction of the stapedius muscle in response to loud noise.

Answer 69

The facial nerve ( through fibers coming from the superior olivary nucleus )

Question 70

This tract innervates the motor facial nucleus.

Answer 70

The corticobulbar tract

Question 71

Unilateral UMN lesion of the corticobulbar fibers give rise to paralysis of the.

Answer 71

Lower facial muscles

Question 72

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve originate in.

Answer 72

The superior salivatory nucleus

Question 73

What are the parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?

Answer 73

The submandibular + The pterygopalatine ganglia

Question 74

What is the difference between the postganglionic fibers of the two parasympathetic ganglia of the facial nerve?

Answer 74

- Submandibular ganglion: innervate the submandibular + the sublingual salivatory glands. - The pterygopalatine ganglion: innervate the lacrimal gland + the oral and mucous membranes.

Question 75

A lesion of the facial nerve causes.

Answer 75

Bell’s palsy

Question 76

What are the signs and symptoms of Bell’s palsy?

Answer 76

- unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles. - failure to close the eye. - absent corneal reflex. - hyperacusis. - loss of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

Question 77

A sensory CN that convey impulses from the inner ear.

Answer 77

The vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 78

What are the CN that pass through the internal auditory nucleus?

Answer 78

The two divisions of the VIII and the VII CNs

Question 79

A CN attached to the brainstem at the junction of the medulla and pons ( the cerebellopontine angle ).

Answer 79

The vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 80

Where does the vestibular nuclei located ?

Answer 80

In the rostral medulla, beneath the lateral part of the floor of the 4th ventricle.

Question 81

Where does the cell bodies of the vestibular nerve located?

Answer 81

In the vestibular ganglion within the internal acoustic meatus

Question 82

Fibers of this CN make dendritic contact with hair cells of the organ of Corti within the cochlear duct of the inner ear.

Answer 82

The cochlear nerve

Question 83

Lesion of these nuclei causes nystagmus, vertigo, nausea and vomiting.

Answer 83

The vestibular nuclei

Question 84

Damage to the nuclei of the cochlear nerve causes.

Answer 84

Ipsilateral deafness

Question 85

A CN supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle by fibers coming from the superior end of the ambiguus nucleus.

Answer 85

The glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 86

Sends preganglionic PS fibers to otic ganglion to supply the parotid gland.

Answer 86

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( inferior salivatory nucleus )

Question 87

What is the nerve that responsible for taste sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 87

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the nucleus of tractus solitarius ) * also responsible for baroreceptors ( in the carotid sinus ) + chemoreceptors ( in the carotid body )

Question 88

What is the nerve that is responsible for sensation of posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 88

The glossopharyngeal nerve ( by the spinal nucleus of the TG )

Question 89

Supplies the constrictor muscles of the pharynx and the intrinsic muscles of the larynx.

Answer 89

The vagus nerve ( by the middle part of nucleus ambiguus )

Question 90

What is the nerve that convey sensation of the epiglottis, tympanic membrane and the external auditory meatus?

Answer 90

The vagus nerve

Question 91

The spinal part of this CN arises from the upper 5th cervical segments of the spinal cord.

Answer 91

The accessory nerve

Question 92

Supplies all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle.

Answer 92

The hypoglossal nerve

Question 93

Lesion causes deviation of the tongue to the affected side ( LMNL )

Answer 93

The hypoglossal nerve

Question 94

What are the two nerve that are responsible for gang and swallowing reflexes?

Answer 94

The vagus ( efferent )+ the glossopharyngeal ( afferent )