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Flashcards in The Eart Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is the pathway for transmission of sound?

A
  1. ossicles (MIS) transmit sounds waves from ear drum to oval window
  2. Fluid waves travel through perilymph to round window
  3. Fluid waves re transmitted to endolymph-filled cochlear duct and stimulate hair cells
2
Q

What makes the cerumen?

A

Ceruminous glands in the external acoustic meatus

3
Q

What is the size of the oval window compared to the tympanic membrane?

A

It’s 1/18th the size

4
Q

What are the effects of Ménière’s disease?

A

Vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus

5
Q

What is Ménière’s disease?

A

Malfunction of endolymphatic sac results in increase of endolymphatic volume (hydrops) and distensiones in the membranous labyrinth and cochlear duct.

6
Q

What are the concentrations of endolymph?

A

High protein content

Low Na+ content

High K+ content

7
Q

What are the ion concentration of perilymph?

A

High Na+

Low K+

8
Q

The utricle and saccule make up what organ?

A

The vestibule

9
Q

The cochlear duct is used for?

A

Hearing

10
Q

The semicircular canal are used for?

A

Balance

11
Q

How does the endolymphatic sac regulate endolymph volume?

A

By maintaining a high protein content, thereby creating an osmotic gradient that draws fluid into the membranous labyrinth.

12
Q

What is tinnitus?

A

Funny sounds

13
Q

What part of the vestibular system measures linear acceleration?

A

2 sacs:

  1. Utricle with macula: horizontal
  2. Saccule with macula: vertical
14
Q

What part of the vestibular system is responsible for angular acceleration?

A

3 semicircular canals (ampullae with crista ampularis)

15
Q

What part of the auditory system is responsible for sound perception?

A

Cochlear duct with organ of corti

16
Q

What are otoconi?

A

Calcium carbonate stones used to find out which way you’re moving

17
Q

What is the true cilia within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Kinocilium

18
Q

Mechanical deformation toward the kinocilium _____ K+ channels in the sterocilia.

A

Open

19
Q

Mechanical deformation way from the kinocilium ______ K+ channels in the sterocilia.

A

Closes

20
Q

When K+ channels open in the kinocilium, what happens?

A

Ca+ enters the cell, allowing vesicles fusion and release of neurotransmitter.

Note: K+ leaves the cell via K+ channels

21
Q

What do you call the bony labyrinth in the cochlea?

A

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

(Depends on what part you’re on, vestibuli is on top and tympani is on bottom)

22
Q

What do you call the membranous labyrinth in the cochlea?

A

Scala media/cochlear duct

23
Q

What type are inner and outer hair cells in the cochlea?

A

Inner: type 1

Outer: type 2

24
Q

What are border cells? (Cochlea)

A

Supportive cells

25
Q

What are the scala vestibuli and tympani filled with?

A

Perilymph high in Na+ content

26
Q

What creates endolymph?

A

Stria vasularis

27
Q

What is Stria Vasularis?

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

Vascular tissue

K+ homeostasis of endolymph

28
Q

What separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct?

A

Vestibular (Reissner’s) membrane

29
Q

What kind hair cells are in the hearing apparatus?

A

Type 1 are connected to the cochlear nerve (inner)

Type 2 are arrange in rows of 3 (outer hair cells)