The Eye Exam Flashcards

Question

inspecting lacrimal apparatus

Answer 1

-edema, erythema, discharge

Answer 2

color (icterus), nodules (pterygium), edema (allergies)

Answer 3

opacities (cataracts)

Answer 4

-color, pattern

Answer 5

- Size, shape, symmetry - Extraocular movements - Pupillary reaction to light (direct and consensual) - Near reaction (miosis, convergence and accommodation)

Answer 6

- stricture/obstruction of gland - if you touch it, it will feel hot and tender - if you push on those areas, youll get pus coming out of those openings

Answer 7

infection of sac

Answer 8

- color - injection - nodules - hemorrhage

Answer 9

jaundice in eye

Answer 10

vasculitis of sclera | lupus and scleritis often times goes together

Answer 11

benign growth of the conjunctiva

Answer 12

most common reason is heavy vomiting

Answer 13

can be from allergies, virus, bacteria - inflammation of conjunctiva

Answer 14

- cornea, iris, and lens - separates the cornea from the iris and lens - transmits light through lens to retina - primary reflective element of the eye - any disturbance in corneal clarity results in visual impairment - avascular - blood vessels should not be present

Answer 15

Common in elderly, From cholesterol deposits, may indicate hyperlipidemia

Answer 16

Results from aging process, congenital or result of injury or infection mature cataract - when the ens is totally opacified. Red reflex cannot be obtained

Answer 17

looks gray when seen by a flashlight

Answer 18

produces spoke-like shadows that point outward

Answer 19

- sudden elevation in intraocular pressure that occurs when the iris blocks the eye's drainage channel—the trabecular meshwork. - Treatment consists of making a hole in the peripheral iris ("iridotomy") with the laser or surgery. This procedure usually unplugs the outflow mechanism. This condition affects middle-aged or elderly patients with anatomically small anterior chambers or altered iris structure. - Most angle-closure incidents occur spontaneously. Very few cases are precipitated by topical pupil-dilating parasympatholytics, and virtually none by orally administered parasympatholytics—despite the drug insert warnings.

Answer 20

- severe periocular pain - photophobia - blurred vision - conjunctival vessels are most dilated at the corneal edge (ciliary flush, circumcorneal flush) - The cornea is often hazy and the pupil unreactive to direct light - Intraocular pressure will be very elevated (above 40 mm Hg).

Answer 21

-Pain, Red eye, Photophobia, Reduced vision, Tearing, Cells in the aqueous or anterior chamber of the eye (viewed under a slit lamp) -Build up of pressure in the eye They get a hazy cornea (from build up of pressure in eye) Inflammation of iris itself can happen from infection, severe pain, photophobia, etc.

Answer 22

- Size, shape and symmetry - Corneal light reflex: ocular alignment - Extraocular Movements: “H”

Answer 23

deviation of the eyes from the normally conjugate position | "lazy eye"

Answer 24

fine, rhythmic oscillations of the eyes, normal for a few beats seen at terminal range of eye movement. Sustained indicates neurological condition.

Answer 25

dilated pupil size

Answer 26

constricted pupil size

Answer 27

< 5mm difference between pupils | -common in 20% of population

Answer 28

tells us about the function of the cranial nerve 2 - optic nerve

Answer 29

- ability of pupils to constrict when focus shifts from distance to close object - pupils constrict to a near object or increased convexity of the lenses caused by contraction of the ciliary muscles to help bring a near object into focus – another test of the oculomotor nerve; reduced accommodation can be a sign of presbyopia (inability to focus on near objects, often age related)

Answer 30

ability of eyes to move toward the nose symmetrically when following an object moving toward them

Answer 31

if patient is being tested for convergence, their eyes should come in and pupils should constrict (near reaction) Near reaction is also tested from accommodation (looking far vs. near)

Answer 32

initiated by reaction to light: CN II (afferent limb to occipital lobe) and CN III (efferent limb from brain to eye)

Answer 33

in iris, dilate pupil | sympathetic innervation

Answer 34

parasympathetic innervation causing sphincter muscles in iris to constrict pupil

Answer 35

Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation

Answer 36

-Used to test for impairment of optic nerves -Swing light beam from one pupil to the other -Normally each pupil constricts -Looking for afferent pupillary defect Looking for pupillary constriction and as the light goes away it dilates If you have afferent pupilary defect, when you shine the first time, it constricts, but the second time it dilates

Answer 37

- Lateral Rectus – Abducens nerve (CN VI) - Superior Oblique – Trochlear nerve (CN IV) - All others – Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Answer 38

-effected by contraction & relaxation of the EOM - simultaneous movement of the eyes in tandem up or down, side to side or convergence. -Convergence is another test of CN III (someone shifts their gaze from a far object to a near one)

Answer 39

move eyes left and right

Answer 40

move eye up and down

Answer 41

cranial nerve VI palsy | pt cant look to the left with L eye

Answer 42

Rhythmic oscillation of the eyes, many causes | Direction of components, plane of movements

Answer 43

posterior aspect of the eye seen through the ophthalmoscope

Answer 44

Retina – visual screen and inner layer of the eye

Answer 45

Optic disc: contain optic nerve (CN II), retinal vein and arteries

Answer 46

Fovea: lateral and slightly inferior to the disc, a small depression in the retinal surface where largest concentration of cones are contained therefore the central point of vision

Answer 47

Macula: yellow oval around the fovea– acts as a natural blocker of UV light or sunblock for the fovea

Answer 48

Physiologic cup: depression in the optic disc

Answer 49

- light reflecting off retina | - absent in cataract and sometimes in vitreous hemorrhage

Answer 50

- From swelling of the optic disc and bulging of the cup. - Disc vessels are more visible, disc is swollen with blurred margins, cup is absent. - Seen in hypertension, increased intracranial pressure from brain hemorrhage, trauma, meningitis.

Answer 51

normal ratio of disc to cup is 2:1 in cupping, cup gets bigger indication of optic nerve damage which may be associated with loss of peripheral vision usually presents without symptoms

Answer 52

disease that causes damage to the optic nerve. There are two types. Open angle glaucoma and acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 53

- second leading cause of blindness in Americans. - painless, gradual and irreversible vision loss, usually starting with peripheral vision loss, pallor and increasing size of the optic cup. - some associated with increased intraocular pressures but some arent - risk factors: DM, age, family hx, myopia

Answer 54

sudden increased in intraocular pressure that is a medical emergency.

Answer 55

The vein appears to taper on either side of the artery – seen in hypertensive retinopathy. From decreased transparency of the retina and arterial walls.

Answer 56

vein abruptly stops on either side of the artery

Answer 57

increased light reflection off of artery, commonly seen as vessels close to the disc. happens because of the pressure

Answer 58

Arterial wall is transparent – what is seen is the column of blood passing through it and a reflection of the light, thus when an artery crosses over top of a vein, you can see the vein right up to the column of blood in the artery – AV crossing -types = AV-nicking and AV-tapering

Answer 59

lateral and slightly inferior to the disc, a small depression in the retinal surface where largest concentration of cones are contained therefore the central point of vision

Answer 60

yellow oval around the fovea– acts as a natural blocker of UV light or sunblock for the fovea

Answer 61

cause of poor central vision in the elderly | Two kinds wet and dry

Answer 62

Hard exudates Cotton wool patches Deep hemorrhages

Answer 63

AV tapering, banking and nicking Copper wiring Hard exudates Papilledema

Answer 64

soft exudates - white or grayish, irregular shaped lesions – result from infarcted nerve fibers – seen in hypertension and diabetes

Answer 65

happens because of diabetes or hypertention to try to get more nutrients and blood supply to the eye Form due to cotton wool patches (infarcted nerve fibers)

Answer 66

Creamy or yellow in color, bright with well defined borders, often occur in clusters. Seen in diabetes and hypertension – hard deposits of lipids or proteins – leak from surrounding capillaries Exudates = damage to the retina vision loss due to exudates

Answer 67

- Magnifying device to examine anterior portion of eye: Cornea, Anterior chamber, Iris, Lens - Used primarily in ED and by Ophthalmologists/Optometrists

Answer 68

- visual acuity bilaterally - inspect external eye - inspect pupils - pupillary reaction to light and accommodation - assess visual fields by confrontation bilaterally - assess extraocular movements, convergence - fundoscopic examination

Answer 69

crescentic shadow on iris

Answer 70

- Depends on 3 pairs of muscles 1. Medial & Lateral rectus 2. Superior & Inferior Rectus 3. Superior & Inferior Obliques

The Eye Exam Flashcards

(94 cards)