Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2 > The Foot > Flashcards

The Foot Flashcards

1
Q

7 tarsals

A 
talus
calcaneus
cuboid
navicular
3 cuneiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

talus, different parts

A

almost totally covered by articular cartilage, no muscles attach

trochlea- articular surface
head-articulates w/ navicular
neck-entrance for arteries
posterior tubercles- groove for flexor hallucis longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most common fractured tarsal

A

talus- often from forced dorsiflexion as in MVA

fractures thru neck can disrupt vascular supply, lead to AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone- articulates w/ talus superiorly at subtalar joint, w/ cuboid anteriorly

achilles tendon inserts onto posterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

significant aspects of calcaneus

A

calcaneal tuberosity- what you stand on

sustentaculum tali- projecting bony shelf, supports head of talus, FHL tendon passes beneath this and inserts on hallux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

calcaneal fracture

A

often from fall from higher heights, can fracture into multiple pieces (comminuted)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

w/ calcaneal fracture, what else needs to be considered

A

must rule out fractures of spine given the high axial load

involving Subtalar joint can have arthritis long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

insertion of fibularis brevis

A

tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

metatarsal w/ sesamoid bones

A

first metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

metatarsal fractures

A

direct trauma often from kicking

5th metatarsal fractures are common, esp w/ rolling ankle inversion

brevis tendon pulls reflexively and can pull off 5th tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

plantar aponeurosis, fn

A

thick central portion of plantar fascia, continuous w/ crural fascia

protect underlying structure, support longitudinal arches, compartmentalize the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4 compartments of foot

A

medial
lateral
central
interosseus

more important to organize in layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1st layer of plantar muscles

A

intrinsic muscles

abductor hallucis- abducts big toe

flexor digitorum brevis- muscle belly gives 4 tendons, flexes toes 2-5

abductor digiti minimi- abducts 5th toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

second layer of plantar muscles

A

extrinsic tendons- FDL,, FHL

intrinsic- quadratus plantae assists FDL

lumbrical muscles (4) flex toes, arise from FDL tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what else in second plantar layer

A

neurovascular structures enter foot in this layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

third plantar layer

A

flexor digiti minimi brevis

adductor hallucis

flexor hallucis brevis

intrinsic

17
Q

4th layer of plantar muscles

A

3 plantar -adduct

4 dorsal- abduct

18
Q

extensor expansion

A

site of insertion for interossei and lumbricals, just like hands

dorsal phalanges

19
Q

innervation of plantar intrinsic muscles

A

lateral plantar nerve innervates 14 muscles

medial plantar innervates 4: flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, 1st medial lumbrical

all from S2/S3 (play footsie with me)

20
Q

order of structures in tarsal tunnel

A

Tall Dark ANd Handsome

tibialis posterior
digitorum longus
posterior tibial Artery
tibial Nerve
Hallucis longus
21
Q

medial plantar nerve

A

terminal branch of tibial nerve

innervates 4 plantar muscles, cutaneous to 3.5 digits (like median nerve) and medial aspect of foot

22
Q

lateral plantar nerve

A

other terminal branch of tibial nerve

superficial and deep branch- deep innervates rest of intrinsic foot muscles, superficial sensation to 1/5 lateral digits (like ulnar) and lateral aspect of foot

23
Q

two branches of posterior tibial artery

A

medial plantar artery- small superficial and deep branches, mainly muscles of great toe

lateral plantar- workhorse, forms deep plantar arch (w/ deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery, anastamosis)
-deep arch gives off plantar metatarsal arteries

24
Q

subtalar joint, ligaments

A

aka talocalcaneal joint

plane synovial joint- permits inversion and eversion

main ligament is interosseus talocalcaneal ligament

helped by transverse tarsal joints

25
Q

transverse tarsal joints

A

calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joints

bifurcate ligament provides stability b/w the two

helps subtalar joint w/ inversion/eversion

26
Q

arches of foot

A

medial and lateral longitudinal and transverse arch

shock absorber, formed by tendons and natural alignment of foot bones

27
Q

muscles supporting arches

A

tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, fibularis longus, FHL

28
Q

ligaments supporting arches

A

calcaneonavicular or spring ligament- sustentaculum tali to navicular, many elastic fibers

long plantar ligament- calcaneus to cuboid, across cuboid groove and tunnel for fibularis longus tendon

plantar aponeurosis

29
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

common cause of heel pain

inflammation of thick plantar fascia/aponeurosis and assoc muscles- caused by repetitive stretching and micro tears of fascia

stabbing pain worse after long periods of standing or sitting

30
Q

plantar fasciitis tx

A

conservative- rest, ice, stretching

injections help, as do orthotics

MSK 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions