THE GEOSPHERE

Question 1

the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior.

Answer 1

Geosphere

Question 2

all the living component of the planet

Answer 2

biosphere

Question 3

give examples of ecosystems

Answer 3

aquatic, terrestrial, microbial community

Question 4

known as the “skeleton of the planet”

Answer 4

geosphere

Question 5

the geosphere is not ________ (unchanging)

Answer 5

static

Question 6

_____ is in a constant state of motion

Answer 6

crust

Question 7

what’s the reason why surface (crust) is in a constant state of motion?

Answer 7

plate tectonics movement

Question 8

“rocky outermost layer of lithosphere” and thinnest layer

Answer 8

crust

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE: continental crust (2.8 g/cm^3, lower density in felsic) and oceanic crust (2.9 g/cm^3, higher density in mafic)

Answer 9

true

Question 10

crust is composed mainly of: __________

Answer 10

silicon and aluminum

Question 11

it is the boundary between crust and upper mantle

Answer 11

mohorovicic discontinuity

Question 12

does the temperature in mantle increases or decreases in depth?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

“middle layer of the earth”

Answer 13

mantle

Question 14

mantle it is composed of dense rocks largely made up of the mineral called ______.

Answer 14

olivine

Question 15

mantle is _______ km in thickness.

Answer 15

2900

Question 16

mantle is divided into two parts:

Answer 16

upper mantle and lower mantle

Question 17

what part of the mantle particularly is the key precursor that PLAYS a major role in the movement of plate tectonics.

Answer 17

upper mantle

Question 18

describe asthenosphere

Answer 18

it is weak, soft, flowing and made up of plastic rocks

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE: “once the asthenosphere moves, the plates above it remains” if false, give the correct answer.

Answer 19

false, the plates above it moves as well

Question 20

how tectonic plates are moved around the globe?

Answer 20

through convection current

Question 21

what is convection current?

Answer 21

a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another.

Question 22

convection current is ____________ for the movement of the plates of Earth’s crust.

Answer 22

responsible

Question 23

state the two concept of physics (clue. relation to convection cell)

Answer 23

everything that is hot ↑ rise and everything that is cold ↓ sinks.

Question 24

give 1 example of ‘everything that is hot’ and ‘everything that is cold’

Answer 24

hot air balloon and placement of aircon

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE: it’s hot when it's near a hot mantle, the tendency of the asthenosphere once it rises, it will move to the left or right and cools down and goes down again.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

in summary, the asthenosphere is _____________.

Answer 26

occurring in cycles

Question 27

boundary between outer core and lower mantle

Answer 27

gutenberg discontinuity

Question 28

“the least explored because it is also the hottest layer”

Answer 28

core

Question 29

the layer of the earth core is believed to be ______.

Answer 29

metallic

Question 30

core is primarily composed of:

Answer 30

iron and nickel

Question 31

core is ______ km in thickness.

Answer 31

3400

Question 32

core is divided into two parts:

Answer 32

inner core and outer core

Question 33

LIQUID iron and nickel (2,250 km in thickness)

Answer 33

outer core

Question 34

SOLID iron and nickel (1,150 km in thickness)

Answer 34

inner core

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE: core is the coldest and innermost layer of the Earth. if false, give the correct answer.

Answer 35

false, core is the hottest

Question 36

core is believed to be a layer of earth that formulates _____________ that produces magnetic fields.

Answer 36

electric current

Question 37

it is named after Inge Lehmann and boundary between the outer and inner core.

Answer 37

lehmann discontinuity

Question 38

pangea > ___________________ > 7 continents

Answer 38

gondwana and laurasia

Question 39

plates that move around on top of asthenosphere

Answer 39

tectonic plate movements

Question 40

name the 3 types of tectonic plate movements

Answer 40

divergent, convergent, and transform

Question 41

occurs when plates slide APART from each other.

Answer 41

divergent

Question 42

TRUE OR FALSE: divergent is spreading, constructive (oceanic lithosphere/sea floor spreading), ridge, involvement of volcanic activity.

Answer 42

true

Question 43

occurs when two plates SLIDE PAST each other.

Answer 43

convergent

Question 44

TRUE OR FALSE: subduction, destructive (oceanic floor is destroyed), creates a trench, involvement of volcanic activity.

Answer 44

true

Question 45

occurs when plates MOVE TOWARDS each other.

Answer 45

convergent

Question 46

earthquakes happen when two blocks of the earth _________________ one another.

Answer 46

suddenly slip past

Question 47

a seismic wave is measured by ______________.

Answer 47

a vertical seismograph

Question 48

what is the difference between seismograph and seismogram?

Answer 48

a seismogram is a RECORD of the seismic waves P(compressive and S (shearing) from an earthquake. a seismograph or seismometer is the MEASURING INSTRUMENT that creates the seismogram.

Question 49

give the two types of waves

Answer 49

body waves and surface waves

Question 50

UNDER the earth's surface

Answer 50

body waves

Question 51

give the two types of body waves and give their definition

Answer 51

p wave is the fastest wave that can travel both through solid and liquid while s waves can travel in solid but not in liquid.

Question 52

ON the earth's surface

Answer 52

surface waves

Question 53

TRUE OR FALSE: surface waves are recorded last on seismographs; there's no responsible for damage and destruction. if false, give the correct answer.

Answer 53

false, it is responsible

Question 54

give the two types of surface waves and give their definition

Answer 54

rayleigh wave or r-wave vibration is in horizontal and vertical plane while love wave or l-wave is in back and forth vibration

Question 55

“almost the same as plate tectonic movements only that a fault is a result of an earthquake” (clue. the answer is in the quotation)

Answer 55

fault

Question 56

give the 3 types of fault

Answer 56

normal fault, reverse fault and strike-slip fault

Question 57

the fault is moving APART from each other.

Answer 57

normal fault

Question 58

the fault is moving towards each other.

Answer 58

reverse fault

Question 59

the fault is sliding towards each other.

Answer 59

strike-slip fault

Question 60

why is geosphere called as "the skeleton of the planet?"

Answer 60

it is the foundation of what Earth looks like

Question 61

two types of crust

Answer 61

continental crust and oceanic crust