Flashcards in The Integumentary System Deck (65)
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1
Order of the layers of the cutaneous membrane?
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
2
The tissue under the skin is called the
hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
3
As cells are pushed from the deeper portion of the epidermis toward the surface,
they die
4
The layer of the epidermis at the surface is the
stratum corneum
5
Thick skin can be found on the
palms
6
The skin is also called the
cutaneous membrane
7
The skin is defined by the thickness of the
epidermis
8
An epidermal layer that produces large amounts of keratin is the
stratum granulosum
9
The primary mode of heat loss from the body is
radiation
10
In order for bacteria on the skin to cause an infection in the skin, they must
survive the bactericidal components of sebum, avoid being flushed from the surface of the skin by sweat, penetrate the stratum corneum, and escape the Langerhans'cells
11
Epidermal cells are supplied with nutrients from blood vessels in the
dermis
12
Drugs suspended in ______ or ________ can penetrate the epidermis
sebum; water
13
Functions of the skin include
regulating body temperature
14
An individual with excessive epidermal shedding on the scalp may be prone to develop this
dandruff
15
In albinism, ______ is lacking
melanin
16
The skin may turn orange as a result of ______ buildup
melanin
17
The pigment melanin:
is produced by cells called melanocytes and is found in higher concentration in individuals with darker skin and protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation
18
The most important factor in skin color is
genetic factors
19
Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light
can stimulate the production of melanin
20
When a person becomes ¨pale¨, what is the physiologic basis?
The blood supply to the skin decreases
21
Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system that aids the endocrine system?
synthesis of vitamin D
22
Epidermal cells synthesize this vitamin when exposed to sunlight
vitamin D3
23
The dermis is composed largely of
dense irregular connective tissue
24
When smooth muscles in the walls of dermal blood vessels contract,
body heat is conserved
25
The layer of the skin that provides thermoregulation via changing blood flow is the
dermis
26
Folds of the dermis that cause fingerprints are called
dermal papillae
27
Nerve fibers in the skin are associated with
smooth muscles, blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, and hair follicles
28
When the body is overheated, the skin responds by
increasing blood flow to the dermis
29
The subcutaneous layer is made of
loose connective and adipose tissues
30
The hypodermis contains mostly
adipose tissue
31
Injections made under the skin are called
hypodermal injections
32
Shafts of hair are made by
dead epidermal cells
33
When the arrector pili muscles contract,
¨goose bumps¨ are formed
34
Accessory structures of the skin include
hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands, apocrine sweat glands
35
Temporary increases in hair loss can result from
drugs, dietary factors, radiation, fever
36
Glands that are located in the ear canal are called
ceruminous glands
37
Perspiration produced by apocrine sweat glands
is limited to the hair follicles of the axilla, nipples, and groin
38
The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is
acne
39
Eccrine sweat glands
respond primarily to elevated body temperature
40
Sweat glands help to cool the body by
evaporation
41
Eccrine and sebaceous glands differ in
type of secretion, material secreted, location in the body, their association with hair follicles
42
The glands that develop at puberty are
apocrine glands
43
Specialized sweat glands that produce milk are called
mammary glands
44
The pale crescent area of the nail is called the
lunula
45
The fold of the stratum corneum over the base of the nail is called the
cuticle
46
A ¨rug burn¨ is an example of an
abrasion
47
The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a
third-degree burn
48
A burn that penetrates the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as a
second-degree burn
49
Why would an elderly person be more prone to skin infections than a younger person?
Skin repairs take longer in the elderly, the epidermis is thinner in the elderly, there are fewer macrophages in the skin of the elderly, the blood supply to the dermis is reduced in the skin of the elderly
50
A burn that involves only the epidermis, such as mild sunburn, is classified as
first degree
51
This type of burn appears inflamed and tender but has no blisters
first-degree burn
52
The most severe type of skin cancer is most likely to develop from
melanocytes
53
The deepest layer in the epidermis is the cells of the stratum _______.
germinativum
54
The substance that gives the skin its waterproofing ability is _______.
keratin
55
The protein that contributes to many of the skin protective qualities is called ______.
keratin
56
_________ is a pigment found in vegetables that can make skin appear orange or yellow.
carotene
57
Melanin serves to protects cells under the epidermis from _______.
UV light
58
Exposure to _______ radiation from the sun has the effect of increasing melanin production in the skin.
UV
59
The ______ layer of the skin contains bundles of collagen fibers and elastin and is responsible for the strength of the skin.
reticular
60
Body temperature normally remains close to ______ degrees Fahrenheit.
98.6
61
The thermostat for the body is the _____.
hypothalamus
62
The _______ glands function as scent glands.
apocrine
63
The nail _____ covers the nail bed.
body
64
A thickened area of scar tissue that is covered by a shiny, smooth epidermal surface is called a _________.
keloid
65
