The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Question 1

Frederick Griffith

Answer 1

Was studying pneumococcus bacteria that produces pneumonia

Question 2

What kind of organisms are bacteria

Answer 2

Single celled prokaryotes

Question 3

What organism did Frederick Griffith experiment on

Answer 3

Mice

Question 4

How many strands of a bacterial species did Frederick Griffith find 

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What are the two types of strains that Griffith discovered

Answer 5

S train and R Strain

Question 6

The S in s strain means

Answer 6

Smooth

Question 7

What does the R in the R strain stand for

Answer 7

Rough

Question 8

S strain

Answer 8

Disease causing bacteria grew into smooth colonies and culture plants

Question 9

R strain

Answer 9

Harmless patriot that grows into rough conloies

Question 10

Which strain of bacteria killed the mice when it was injected

Answer 10

S strain

Question 11

How many experiments did Griffith have

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What was Griffiths first experiment

Answer 12

Rough strain injected

Question 13

What was Griffith second experiment

Answer 13

Smooth strain injected

Question 14

What was Griffiths third experiment

Answer 14

He killed smooth strain injected

Question 15

What is Griffiths fourth experiment

Answer 15

Rough strain and heat killed smooth strain

Question 16

What happens in Griffiths first experiment

Answer 16

The mouse lives

Question 17

What happens in Griffith second experiment

Answer 17

The mouse dies

Question 18

What happens in Griffiths third experiment

Answer 18

The mouse lives

Question 19

What happens in the fourth experiment

Answer 19

The mouse dies

Question 20

How did Griffith kill the bacteria with heat

Answer 20

Here is the kinetic energy to break apart the strain

Question 21

Transformation

Answer 21

Process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain is bacteria

Question 22

What did Griffith conclude from his first and second experiment

Answer 22

The cause of pneumonia is not a toxin from the bacteria

Question 23

 what did Griffiths include from all of his experiments

Answer 23

There was a transforming factor

Question 24

Does Griffith discover with the transforming factor is

Answer 24

No

Question 25

 How does Griffiths make his final conclusion

Answer 25

He took a blood sample from experiment 4 and found live S strain in the blood

Question 26

Oswald Avery

Answer 26

Leader of a team of scientists at Rockefeller institute which did Griffiths for the experiment four more times

Question 27

What was the main goal of Oswald Avery

Answer 27

Determine which molecule in the heat killed bacteria is most important for transformation

Question 28

What is the first step of Avery’s method

Answer 28

Extracting various macromolecules (carbs,lipids, proteins, DNA) from the heat killed bacteria (each in diff steps in order to see which one would cause there to be no transformation) by hydrolyzing them with enzymes

Question 29

How many times did ever use his method

Answer 29

4

Question 30

Why did Avery repeat his method four times

Answer 30

To kill each of the four macromolecules

Question 31

What happened when Avery killed DNA

Answer 31

Transformation did not occur and the mouse did not die bc the r cells didn't turn into s (bad) cells

Question 32

What did Avery conclude from his experiments

Answer 32

Avery concluded that the nucleic acid DNA stores and transmits genetic information from one generation of bacteria to the next

Question 33

Did Avery immediately publish his work

Answer 33

No because Avery was afraid of backlash from the scientific community because many scientist thought that proteins were the most important macromolecule

Question 34

Bacteriophage

Answer 34

A kind of virus that infects bacteria by injecting its genetic material into it

Question 35

Bacteriophages are also known as

Answer 35

Phages

Question 36

How many macromolecules make up phages

Answer 36

2

Question 37

What macromolecules make up bacteriophages

Answer 37

Proteins which make up the head and DNA which is in the head

Question 38

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Answer 38

Studied a bacteriophage that was composed of a DNA core in a protein coat

Question 39

What is the main goal of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

Answer 39

To determine which part of the virus - the core or coat - enter the bacteria

Question 40

How did Chase and Hershey solve their question

Answer 40

They grew viruses containing radioactive isotopes of phosphorus 32 and sulfur 35 because proteins contain almost no phosphorus and DNA contains no sulfur

Question 41

What was the purpose of the radioactive isotopes

Answer 41

The phosphorus 32 and sulfur 35 acted as markers because if they found either in the bacteria it signifies which part got injected

Question 42

DNA is also known as

Answer 42

The molecule of inheritance

Question 43

What did Hershey and chase conclude from the experiment

Answer 43

There was radioactive phosphate inside of the bacteria so they were able to conclude that DNA is the molecule of inheritance and is found in all genes

Question 44

Capsid

Answer 44

head of bacteriophage made of protein