The Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What type of muscles connect bone to muscle

Answer 1

Ligaments

Question 2

What type of muscles connect muscle to muscle

Answer 2

Tendons

Question 3

Twist joint with partial rupture of ligaments and possible damage to blood vessels, muscles, tendons, and nerves

Answer 3

Sprain

Question 4

Overstretched muscle without swelling

Answer 4

Strain

Question 5

Which is worse: sprain or strain?

Answer 5

Sprain

Question 6

AKA osteoarthritis

Common in older dogs

Answer 6

Degenerative Joint Dz

Question 7

What is very important to treating DJD?

Answer 7

Weight loss

Question 8

What joint is most commonly affected by DJD?

Answer 8

Hips

Question 9

Sx done to tx DJD in which it creates a false joint

Answer 9

Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO)

Question 10

Most effective sx to tx DJD

Answer 10

Total hip replacement

Question 11

A complex dz that results in DJD from cartilage loss, joint capsule thickening, and osteophytes
Laxity in the coxofemoral joint

Answer 11

Hip dysplasia

Question 12

Responsible breeding, wt control, and pelvic osteotomy are all ways to __________ hip dysplasia

Answer 12

prevent

Question 13

When an animal becomes OFA certified, they require x-rays of what 3 anatomical structures?

Answer 13

1. Pelvis
2. femur
3. stifles

Question 14

To become OFA certified, what x-ray position should the animal be in?

Answer 14

Ventrodorsal

Question 15

More accurate in predicting hip dysplasia and requires general anestesia and permanent ID of animal

Answer 15

PennHIP

Question 16

What 3 views should be done for an x-ray for an animal to become certified through PennHIP?

Answer 16

1. Distraction
2. Compression
3. Ventrodorsal, hip extended

Question 17

A musculoskeletal dz that affects younger (3-18 mos), lg breed dogs in which that cartilage fails to mature into bone and results in cartilage thickening and flap formation

Answer 17

Osteochondosis Dissecans (OCD)

Question 18

Most common joint affected by OCD

Answer 18

Shoulder

Question 19

To radiograph a shoulder, the animal should be in what position?

Answer 19

Lateral

Question 20

A form of OCD that is the failure of the anconeal process to attach to the ulna during growth

Answer 20

Ununited Anconeal process

Question 21

Ununited anconeal process is most common in

Answer 21

German Shepherds

Question 22

Injury or tear to this ligament is the most common cause of acute hind limb lameness in the lg breed dog that occurs during hyperextension

Answer 22

Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL)

Question 23

best tx for CCL injuries

Answer 23

Sx

Question 24

Currently considered the best sx for CCL sx

$2,000 min

Answer 24

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)

Question 25

How long should an animal have cage rest after CCL sx? How long for controlled exercise?

Answer 25

4 wks

Question 26

This will happen as a result of CCL, so it is important to start a glucosamine/chondrotin supplement?

Answer 26

DJD

Question 27

Can be medial or lateral that is most common in small breed dogs Often not clinically significant

Answer 27

Patellar luxation

Question 28

Most common type of bone tumor in dogs and cats

Answer 28

Osteosarcomas (85%-90%)

Question 29

What animal is more likely to develop bone tumors?

Answer 29

dogs

Question 30

What 2 breeds of dogs are predisposed to bone tumors?

Answer 30

Rotties and greyhounds

Question 31

What age is it common to see bone tumors in males?

Answer 31

>7

Question 32

Pain control and ________ is recommended for Tx of bone tumors

Answer 32

amputation

Question 33

"Growing pain" in young dogs that start at 6-8 mos | Common in GSD and med-lg breeds

Answer 33

Panosteitis

Question 34

What would you see on a radiograph of a dog suffering from panosteitis?

Answer 34

Grey patches in medullary cavity

Question 35

Common in cats and is not clinically significant | Extra digits

Answer 35

Polydactylism

Question 36

Declaw Sx

Answer 36

Onychectomy

Question 37

What two things are removed during an onychectomy?

Answer 37

Claw and 3rd phalanx

Question 38

Most common type of onychectomy

Answer 38

2 foot

Question 39

Muscle dz

Answer 39

myopathy

Question 40

Immune mediated myopathy where muscles swell an then atrophy

Answer 40

Masticatory muscle myostitis

Question 41

Acquired myopathy seen in cats thats secondary to hypokalemia

Answer 41

Feline polymyopathy

Question 42

A neuromuscular disorder that causes problems with acetylcholine receptors at the NMJ and C/S include progressive weakness with exercise, megaesophagus, voice change, dilated pupils, and weak facial muscles

Answer 42

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 43

Test used to dx Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 43

Tensilon test