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BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE > THE MYCOBACTERIUM > Flashcards

THE MYCOBACTERIUM Flashcards

1
Q

The general characteristics of Mycobacteria

A

Slender, slightly curved or straight rod-shaped organisms
Non motile
Non spore forming
Non-encapsulated
Strictly aerobic; catalase +

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2
Q

Mycobacteria produces what type of granules

A

Much granules

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3
Q

Acid responsible for its acid-fast staining characteristics

A

Mycolic acid

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4
Q

Consequences of high lipid content

A

Staining requires a longer time or application of heat
and once stained, it resist decolorization with acid-alcohol

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5
Q

The 3 major groups of Mycobacteria

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Mycobacterium leprae

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6
Q

Organisms under the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

A

M. tuberculosis
M. bovis
M. africanum
M. microti
M. canetti

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7
Q

It is primarily a pathogen of the respiratory tract (TB)

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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8
Q

It is once called “consumption”

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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9
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a gram _________ cell wall

A

positive

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10
Q

M. tuberculosis has tapered ends and may exhibit “_______”

A

cording

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11
Q

It causes tuberculosis and Pott’s disease

A

M. tuberculosis

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12
Q

M. tuberculosis causes

A

tuberculosis and Pott’s disease

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13
Q

It is TB of the bone and muscles

A

Pott’s disease

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14
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows usually within …

A

8 weeks or 2 months

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15
Q

The virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is necessary to cause disease

A

Cord factor

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16
Q

The 3 types of tuberculosis

A

Primary TB
Secondary TB
Disseminated TB

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17
Q

A type of TB results from the initial infection of MTB

A

Primary TB

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18
Q

A type of TB results from the re-establishment of active infection after a period of dormancy

A

Secondary TB

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19
Q

A type of TB results when the infection spreads throughout the body

A

Disseminated TB

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20
Q

A macrophage in the lungs

A

Alveolar macrophage

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21
Q

A type of test that detects a patient’s cell-mediated immune response to bacterial antigen

A

PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) Test

22
Q

It measures a person’s immune reactivity to specific mycobacterial antigens

A

Interferon-Gamma Release Assays

23
Q

A zoonotic mycobacterium organism

A

Mycobacterium bovis

24
Q

A zoonotic mycobacterium organism

A

Mycobacterium bovis

25
Q

Found primarily in cattle, dogs, cats, swine, parrots, and humans

A

Mycobacterium bovis

26
Q

Has small, granular, rounded white colonies with irregular margins

A

Mycobacterium bovis

27
Q

A mycobacterium organism that is slow grower, and non pigmented

A

Mycobacterium bovis

28
Q

Primary agent of intestinal TB in man through ingestion of contaminated milk

A

Mycobacterium bovis

29
Q

Mycobacterium bovis is a source of …

A

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine

30
Q

Atypical Mycobacteria is also known as …

A

MOTT (Mycobacteria Other Than Tuberculosis) and NTM (Non-tubercle Bacillus)

31
Q

It is an opportunistic pathogen in patients with liver disease, immunocompromised, percutaneous trauma

A

Atypical Mycobacteria

32
Q

MOTT’s classification

A

Runyoun’s classification

33
Q

Mycobacterium’s classification is based on

A

Photoreactivity (ability to produce pigment)

34
Q

The 4 groups in Runyoun’s classification

A

GROUP1-Photochromogens
GROUP2-Scotochromogens
GROUP3-Nonphotochromogens
GROUP4-Rapid growers

35
Q

It produces carotene pigment upon exposure to light

A

GROUP1-Photochromogens

36
Q

It produces carotene pigment in light or dark

A

GROUP2-Scotochromogens

37
Q

No pigment; these colonies are a buff color

A

GROUP3-Nonphotochromogens

38
Q

Non-pathogenic group which grows with in less than 7 weeks

A

GROUP4-Rapid growers

39
Q

Organisms under GROUP1-Photochromogens

A

M. kansasii
M. marinum
M. simiae
M. asiaticum

40
Q

GROUP2-Scotochromogens

A

M. gordonae
M. scrofulaceum
M. flavescens

41
Q

GROUP 3-Nonphotochromogens

A

M. avium
M. gastri
M. terrae
M. xenopi
M. ulcerans

42
Q

GROUP 4-Rapid growers

A

M. fortiutum
M. smegmatis
M. phlei

43
Q

It is also known as Yellow bacillus

A

Mycobacterium kansasii

44
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium kansasii

A

Grows best at 37 degC
Growth is evident in 14-28 days
Tween 80 hydrolysis (positive) in 3 days
Nitrate reduction (positive)
Rapid Catalase Activity & Pyrazinamidase (negative)
Causes Chronic Pulmonary Disease

45
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium marinum

A

Grows optimally at 30-32 degC
Growth at 24 degC and 32 degC occurs in 2 weeks
Grows poorly or fails to grow at 35-37 degC
Niacin Test (positive)
Tween 80 (positive)
Urease (positive)
Pyrazinamidase (positive)
Causes SWIMMING POOL GRANULOMA

46
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

A

Causes CERVICAL LYMPHADENITIS
Produces smooth, buttery, yellow to orange colo. in 4-6 weeks
Pigment production evident in absence or presence of light
Heat stable catalase (positive)

47
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium szulgai

A

Photochromogen at 25 degC
Schotochromogen at 35-37 degC
Nitrate Reduction (positive)
Tween 80 (slow positive)
Fails to grow on 5% NaCl
May cause pulmonary & cutaneous disease

48
Q

Also known as Tap Water Bacillus

A

Mycobacterium gordonae

49
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium gordonae

A

Usually non-pathogenic
Previously known as M.aquae
Grows in 7 days at 37 degC as yellow to orange colo.
Tween 80 (positive)
Heat stable catalase (positive)

50
Q

Characteristics of Mycobacterium xenopi

A

Slow grower and produces small colonies
Optimal growth at 42 degC
On Cornmeal Agar produces branching colonies “Bird’s Nest”
Catalase (positive)
Arylsulfatase test (positive) in 2 weeks
Causes pulmonary infection in patients with pre-existing lung pathologies

51
Q

It is a normal flora kind of mycobacterium

A

Mycobacterium flavescens

BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE (4 decks)

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