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MRCS revision > The pelvis > Flashcards

The pelvis Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the penis?

A

Root

Body

Glans

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2
Q

Where is the root of the penis located?

A

the superficial perineal piuch of the pelvic floor

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3
Q

What makes up the root of the penis?

A

three erectile tissues
- crura x2 (left and right)
- bulb of the penis (transversed by the urethra)

Two muscles
- Ischiocavernosus x2
- Bulbospongiosus

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4
Q

What is the body of penis suspended from?

A

The pubic symphysis

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5
Q

what makes up the body of the penis?

A

Three cylinders of erectile tissue
- 2x Corpora Cavernosa
- Corpus spongiosum

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6
Q

what shape is the glands of the penis?

A

Conical in shape

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7
Q

what is the glands of the penis formed from?

A

distal expansion of the corpus spongiosum

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8
Q

Where do the left and right Cura attach?

A

To the ipsilateral Ischial ramus, tehy are covered by the ischiocavernosal muscels.

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9
Q

Where does the Urethra lie in the penis?

A

Runs through the Corpus spongiosum, on the ventral aspect of teh penis

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10
Q

what is the most superficial fascia covering the penis?

A

The external fascia of Colles, which is a continunity of the fascia of Scarpa (which covers the abdo wall)

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11
Q

What is the deeper layer of fascia covering the penis?

A

Deep fascia of the penis, buck’s fascia.

continuation of deep perineal fascia, holds all the 3 erectile muscels together.

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12
Q

what is the tunica albuginea?

A

strong fascia taht forms individual capsules around each body and is fused in the midline. - forms the incompleate septum between the two corpora.

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13
Q

what ligament connects the erectile bodies of the penis to the pubic symphysis?

A

Suspensory ligament
and the fundiform ligament

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is the arterial suply of the penis?

A

Dorsal artery of the penis
deep arteries of the penis
bulbourethral artery

all branches of the internal pudendal artery (branch of internal illiac artery)

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16
Q

what are the four segments of the male urethra?

A

pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous and spongy.

The smallest diameter is the membranous

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17
Q

how much urine can be held in the bladder in a healthy invidiual?

A

400 - 600ml

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18
Q

What is the name of the folded internal lining of the bladder?

A

Rugae

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19
Q

What are the external features of the bladder?

A

Apex - superiorly, pointing towards the pubic symphysis (connected to the umbilicus by the median umbilica ligament)

Body

Fundus

Neck - continous with the urethra

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20
Q

what is the Trigone ?

A

triangular area, smooth walls, marked at the top by the R and L urethers and teh urethra at the bottom.

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21
Q

what is the embryological origin of the trigone.

A

intergration of two mesonephric ducts

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22
Q

what is the type epithelium of the bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

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23
Q

what type of muscle is found within the bladder wall?

A

specalised smooth muscle

detrusor muscle

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24
Q

what is the function of the internal urethral sphincter in men?

A

consists of smooth fibers, under autonomic control, prevents seminal reguratation during ejeculation

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25
What type of muscel is the external urethral sphincter?
skeletal muscle
26
what vessel provides arterial suply to the bladder?
superior vesical branch of the internal illiac artery
27
what is the venous drainage of the bladder?
vesical venous plexus - drains to the interal iliac veins
28
Lymphatic drainage of the bladder
supero-lateral aspect of the bladder - external iliac nodes neck and fundus - internal iliac, sacral and iliac nodes.
29
what are they sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic inovations of the bladder?
sympathetic - Hypogastirc nerves T12 - L2 = causes relaxation of detrusor muscels, allowing bladder to fill Parasympathetic - pelvic nerves s2 - s4 , contaction of detrusor muscles Somatic - pudendal nerve S2 - 4, control of external urethral sphincer
30
What is the role of the prostate?
sectreation of proteolytic enzymes into the serum, breaks down cloting factors so seamen stays liquid. leave via the prostatic duct into the prostatic portion of the urethra
31
what are the anatomical lobes of the prostate?
Inferior posterior Inferolateral Superomedial Anteromedial
32
what are the histological divisions of the prostate?
central zone - around ejaculatory ducts - 25% of volume transitional zone - centrally - surrounds urethre 10% volume - typicaly undergo hyperplasia peripheral zone - 65% - permit urine reflux, inflamation, carcinoma fibromuscular stroma - no glands present
33
what part of the prostate is felt in DRE?
Peripheral Zone - which is most likely to develop carcinoma
34
blood suply to the prostate?
Prostatic arteries, come fromm the internal iliac arteries. Drainage from the prostatic venous plexus, drain into the interal iliac veins
35
How does prostate cancer spread to the vertebral bodies to form skeletal mets?
spreads via the Batson venous plexus to the vertebral bodies
36
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the Penis?
Penile skin - superficial inguinal lymph nodees Glans - deep inguinal lymph nodes Erectile tissue - Internal iliac lymph nodes generaly the Inguinal lymph nodes drain external genitalia in men
37
what to the sacral spinal nerves s2, s3, s4 form?
the Pudendal nerve
38
what nerve maintains voluntary uriany continence?
Pudendal nerve - S2, s3,s4
39
where are spermatozoa produced?
seminiferous tubles
40
what is the journey of sperm through the testis?
spermatozoa are produced in the seminiferous tubes travel through the tubules collecting in rete testes travel through afferent tubules to the epididymis
41
what is the peritoneal sac of the testis?
tunica vaginalis
42
what is the fibrous capsule that encloses the testes
Tunica albuginea
43
what are the parts of the epididymis
Head - proximal, formed by the efferent tubules of the testes body - heavily coiled tail - distal, marks the origin of the vas deferens.
44
what is the innovation of the testes
testicular plexus - derived from the renal and aortic plexus
45
what is the arterial supply of the testes?
testicular artery cremasteric artery (from the inferior epigastric artery) artery of vas deferens (branch of the inferior vesical artery)
46
what is the venous drainage of the testes?
pampiniform plexus network of veins that wrap around the main testicular vein
47
lymphatic drainage of the scrotum?
superficial inguinal nodes
48
what testes is most commonly affected by a varicocele ?
Left as it is longer and drains into the L renal vein at a perpendicular angle
49
Embryologically what does the scrotum derive from?
paired genital swellings
50
where is the dartos muscle located ?
sheet of smooth muscle immediately under the skin of teh scrotum
51
what is the function of the dartos muscle
helps to regulate the temperate of the scrotum, by wrinkling of the skin.
52
what is the arterial supply to the scrotum
anterior scrotal artery = branch of the external pudendal artery posterior scrotal artery = branch of the internal pudendal artery
53
what artery do the internal pudendal arteries branch off ?
the internal Illiac
54
nerve supply of the anterior aspect of the scrotum.
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve ilioinguinal nerve
55
nerve supply to the posterior aspect of the scrotum
perineal branches of the pudendal nerve posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
56
at what level is the transtubercular plane
L5 vertebra
57
lymph drainage from above the pectinate line ?
internal iliac nodes
58
lymph drainage from below the pectinate line?
inguinal lymph nodes
59
what is the widest part of the urethra?
prostatic part
60
what is the venous drainage of bladder ?
vesicoprostatic plexus

MRCS revision (13 decks)

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