The Reproductive System Flashcards
Gametes =
Cells for reproduction that contain half as many chromosomes.
Haploid =
One copy.
Diploid =
Two copies.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes for a total of 46.
Puberty =
The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.
What hormones start puberty?
The luteinizing hormone (LH for short) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH for short).
What are the secondary sexual characteristics of males?
- Pubic, chest, face, axillary hair.
- Increase in size of larynx.
- Lengthening of vocal cords.
- Penis grows larger in proportion to body size.
- Muscle mass development.
What are the secondary sexual characteristics of females?
- Axillary and pubic hair.
- Width of pelvis changes.
- Size of pelvic outlet changes.
- Skeletal growth accelerates.
XX:
Female
XY:
Male
How does the Y chromosome initiate the fetus to become male.
Embryos with Y chromosomes begin to secrete testosterone developing male genitalia.
Sex =
The anatomical and physiological characters of male and female.
Gender =
The behaviors and roles assigned by culture, masculine and feminine.
Internal organs of male and their function.
- Vas deferens (receives sperm from epididymis)
- Seminal vesicles (produce seminal fluid)
- Ejaculatory ducts (holds sperm)
- Prostate gland (produces prostatic fluid)
- Bulbourethral glands (produces thick mucus)
Internal organs of female and their function.
- Ovaries (create follicles which release ovum)
- Uterine tubes (tube that transports ovum)
- Uterus (pear-shaped organ)
- Vagina (transports endometrium during meno, holds penis and collects ejaculate, birth canal)
External organs of male and their function.
- Scrotum (maintains temp.)
- Testis (secrete testosterone)
- Epididymis (sperm mature and given acrosome)
- Penis
- Urethra
External organs of female and their function.
- Mons pubis (fleshy fat pad)
- Labia majora (outermost layer)
- Labia minora (smooth and thin)
- Clitoris (organ of sexual response)
- Vaginal introitus
- Breasts
Seminal =
Produces seminal fluid.
Prostate =
Produces prostatic fluid.
Bulbourethral =
Neutralized urine in urethra, neutralizes acidity of vagina.
Male gamete:
Sperm
Female gamete:
Ovum (egg)
What is the role of testosterone during puberty?
Causes reproductive organs to mature, muscle and bone to grow, facial and pubic hair to appear, and the voice to deepen.
What is semen composed of?
A combination of sperm and secretions from seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland.
