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Flashcards in The Rise Of Maufacturing And Thr Age Of Jackson Deck (30)
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0
Q

Removal Act of 1830

A
  • Proposed by President Monroe due to ongoing conflict between Indians and westward settlers and enforced by president Jackson (the constitution says the president holds the right to enforce laws or decisions of the other two branches)
  • Congressional act authorized the removal of all Native American tribes east of the Mississippi to the west
  • The Trail of Tears caused the deaths of thousands (1/3)
  • caused continually Indian resistance
  • Even american style govts adopted by the Cherokee were not enough proof of assimilation
1
Q

Monroe doctrine

A

Proclamation that countries of the Western Hemisphere “are not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.”
Est. while many Latin American nations announced their independence during the Napoleonic era
The US and Latin America feared European powers would send armies to regain control of their former colonies

2
Q

The Liberator

A

The abolitionist newspaper begun by William Lloyd garrison in 1831

3
Q

Spoils System

A

A system used heavily during the presidency of Andrew Jackson whereby political supporters of the winning candidate are given jobs in the govt

4
Q

Nullification

A
  • In reaction to the tariff legislation passed in 1828
  • The South Carolina legislature explored the possibility of nullification, by which individual states could rule on the constitutionality of federal laws.
  • Other southern legislatures later discussed the idea of nullifying laws in their own states
  • Although Jackson was an advocate of states’ rights, he opposed nullification
5
Q

Whig party

A

Political party that emerged in the 1830s in the opposition to the Democratic Party
Whigs favored policies that promoted commercial and industrial growth

6
Q

Putting-out System

A

European economic system borrowed by Americans before 1820
Merchants would buy raw materials, recruit dozens- hundreds of farm families for work, and sell t he finished product
Ex. New England shoes

7
Q

Lowell System

A

System for hiring workforce of early factories
Based on factories in Lowell, MA after the development of interchangeable parts and the cotton gin
Brought young women from surrounding areas to work
Kept worker demands low since it was usually temporary work for women
Led to growth of an economic middle class of manufacturers, bankers, and families
* did NOT use the putting out system

8
Q

Panic of 1819

A

Caused by:
1. The recovery of European economies after the Napoleonic war
2. Money policies of the National Bank
3. The efforts of officials at several branch banks of National Bank to enrich themselves through speculation
Led to minor influences for states to shorten work days through strikes, although a real labor movement didn’t develop in the textile industry until the 1840s

9
Q

Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

A
  • Cherokee felt they held a valid treaty for the land hey lived on and decided to take their case to court when Georgia pressured then to sell their land
  • Chief Justice Marshall stated that Native Americans had no real standing in court since they were not a state or foreign country BUT he AFFIRMED that the Cherokee HAD THE RIGHT to their land
10
Q

The Second Great Awakening

A
  • religious movement that reaffirmed the role of religion in the lives of believers in the midst of extremes industrial, commercial, and westernizing transformations
  • began in the late 1790s as a rural phenomenon
  • women were MVP advocates and furthered their education through “academies” established by churches in this time
  • opposed Calvinist predestination
  • included emotional revival meetings that would cause followers to faint, speak in tongues, or writhe uncontrollably
  • increased popularity of Methodist and baptist churches
  • MVP’s: Timothy Dwight and Charles Finney
11
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Campaigned for better treatment of the the mentally ill in the 1830-40s

12
Q

Horace Mann

A

Spoke out for formal education for all children
Wanted to expand school year
Emphasized the need for rigorous standards and teacher training

13
Q

Abolition movement

A

Began in the 1820-30s
Led by northern Christians
Gained a large number of supporters
Considered slavery a sin

14
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

MVP abolitionist

Founded the newspaper, The Liberator

15
Q

American Colonization Society

A

Opposed slavery because it encouraged contact between whites and blacks
Urged slave owners to sell their slaves and ship them back to Africa

16
Q

Fredrick Douglass

A

An ex-slave and abolition leader

His autobio was influential

17
Q

Nat Turner

A

A slave in Virginia
Organized a bloody salve revolt that killed 60 whites
Brutally repressed like the Stono Rebellion, making Black Codes harsher

18
Q

Alexis de Tocqueville

A

Visitor from France that noticed a different spirit in America than what existed in European countries
Amazed by egalitarianism, which emerged from the Jackson’s glorification of the “common man”

19
Q

Election of 1824

A
  • most states eliminated property qualifications for suffrage
  • blacks (even free blacks in the north) and women were still excluded
  • William Crawford (SoT) vs. JQA (SoS) vs. Andrew Jackson (from TN)
  • all candidates were considered republicans (but they were referred to as Democratic-Republicans
  • Jackson won the popular vote but only received 38% of the electoral college for it was turned over to the House of Representatives
  • Henry Clay supported JQA who won in the House and appointed Clay as SoS (the usual president successor)- THE CORRUPT BARGAIN
20
Q

Election of 1828

A

JQA vs. Jackson (Jackson won)
Model for future political campaigns with increased mudslinging
- Jacksonians said JQA stole the election if ‘24, was too fancy, and had Russian prostitutes
- JQA supporters called Jackson a murderer and adulterer
First time presidential propaganda mass produced
Jackson gained supporters due to bitterness over the “corrupt bargain”
- est. the first real american political party: the democrats

21
Q

Andrew Jackson

A
  • Born in a log cabin in TN (first president from the west)
  • Was a slave owner
  • Achieved fame by fighting Native Americans
  • Well versed in politics
  • Expressed loyalty to his supporters (ex. Kitchen Cabinet and Spoils Sys)
  • *wanted to RETURN AMERICAN TO -JEFFERSONIAN IDEAL of reliance on independent yeoman farmers
  • intervened in economics that usually only spurred benefits for the wealthy
  • favored smaller govts
22
Q

Roger B. Taney

A

Chief Justice appointed by Jackson

The Taney court validated almost all of Jackson’s decisions favoring states’ rights

23
Q

Jackson’s critics

A

He was paradoxical: spoke about a need to limit the influence of the govt as he increased the power of the presidency
Referred to as King Andrew I
Anti-abolition

24
Q

Webster- Hayne Debate

A

Senate debate over nullification between Robert Hayne (SC) and Daniel Webster (MA)
Web believed nullification would lead to chaotic anarchy

25
Q

Force Act

A

Authorized by Congress in response to SC’s attempt to nullify the new tariffs on imported goods
Moved troops into SC to collect payments
Made JC Calhoun resigned from vice presidency but chaos was avoided when congress passed a tariff law that was more acceptable to South Carolinians

26
Q

National Bank

A
  • Ran by Nicholas Biddle
  • issued national currency, regulated loan rates, and controlled state banks
  • promoted for recharter by Clay in the election of 1832
  • despised by Jackson (the banks unpopularity ensured his reelection in 1832)
27
Q

Panic of 1837

A

Result of the Bank War (Jackson’s hatred for the national bank vs. Biddle’s attempt to keep the bank)
Biddle increased interest rates and called in loans to keep the bank alive
Depression lasted into the 1840s

28
Q

Whig Party

A

Emerged in to 1830s as the major opposition party against Jackson (Democratic- Republicans)
Favored more govt involvement in commercial activities
Pro national bank
Pro industrial growth
Opposed rapid controlled settlement of the west
Sponsored a more reformist legislation
Supported by businessmen from the north and northwest and southern planters
Ex. William Henry Harrison (who was succeeded by John Tyler)

29
Q

Democrats of the 1830s (after establishment of the Whig party)

A

Limited govt
Saw urbanization and industrialization as evil
Favored a Jeffersonian America
Ex. President Martin van Buren