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Head And Neck > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

(144 cards)

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1
Q

What type of joint is in the skull, with the sutures?

A

Fibrous

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2
Q

How many bones are joined by sutures in the skull?

A

22

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3
Q

Cavities of the skull: (6)

A

Cranial

Orbits

Nasal

Oral

Ears

Paranasal sinuses

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4
Q

What are holes where nerves and blood vessels pass?

A

Foramina

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5
Q

Which bones directly contribute to the formation of the brain case?

A

Cranial bones

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6
Q

Which cranial bones are paired bones?

A

Parietal and temporal

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7
Q

Which cranial bones are unpaired?

A

Frontal

Sphenoid

Ethan oil

Occipital

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8
Q

Cranial bones

A 
Frontal (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1) 
Occipital (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
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9
Q

Bones which form a foundation of the face and jaw, but do not contribute to the brain case

A

Facial bones

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10
Q

Which facial bones are paired?

A

Nasal

Maxillary

Zygomatic

Lacrimal

Palatine

Inferior nasal conchae

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11
Q

Unpaired facial bones:

A

Mandible

Vomer

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12
Q

Which bone forms the skeleton of the forehead? What does it articulate with?

A

Frontal bone

Nasal and zygomatic bones

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13
Q

What bone forms the roof of the orbit and floor of the anterior part of the cranial cavity?

A

Frontal bone

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14
Q

What is the intersection of the frontal and nasal bones?

A

Nasion

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15
Q

Supra orbital parts to the frontal bone

A

Supra-orbital margin

Supraorbital foramen (or notch)

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16
Q

What is the ridge in the frontal bone that is superior to the supraorbital margin?

A

Superciliary arch

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17
Q

The smooth area between the superciliary arches

A

Glabella

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18
Q

What bones form the prominences of the cheeks, lie on the inferolateral sides of the orbits and rest on the maxillae?

A

Zygomatic bones

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19
Q

A small _____ _____ pierces the lateral aspect of each zygomatic bone

A

Zygomaticofacial foramen

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20
Q

Paired nasal bones articulate with each other in the ______, and with the ______ bone superiorly.

A

Midline

Frontal

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21
Q

What is the anterior nasal opening of the cranium?

A

Piriform aperture

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22
Q

What can be observed, dividing the nasal cavity into right and left parts?

A

Nasal septum

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23
Q

What is paired conchae, visible through the nasal aperture

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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24
Q

Maxillae form the ____ ____ and are united at the ______ _____ in the median plane

A

Upper jaw

Intermaxillary suture

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25
What part of the maxillae supports bone for the maxillary teeth?
Alveolar processes
26
The maxillae has connection with the _____ bones laterally and have an _____-_____ foramen inferior to each orbit
Zygomatic Infra-orbital foramen
27
U-shaped bone forming the lower jaw.
Mandible
28
The mandible has an ______ _____ supporting the ____ ___.
Alveolar process Lower teeth
29
Parts of the mandible
Body Ramus Condyle Coronoid Process Angle Mental foramen Mandibular foramen Mandibular symphysis Oblique line
30
Horizontal portion of the mandible- forms the chin
Body
31
Vertical extension of the mandibular body on either side.
Ramus
32
Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
Condyle
33
Anterior portion of the ramus (of the mandible)- site of muscle attachment
Coronoid process
34
Posterior point of the mandible at which the ramus meets the body.
Angle
35
Where is the mental foramen located?
In the mandible between the 1st and 2nd premolars
36
Where is the mandibular foramen located?
On the medial aspect of the mandibular ramus
37
What is the purpose of the mandibular foramen?
Permits passage of the nerve involved with tooth sensation
38
What is the region where the two halves of the mandible fuse?
Mandibular symphysis
39
Where does the oblique line pass?
From inferior of the ramus onto the body of mandible
40
Lateral aspect of the cranium, AKA:
Norma Lateralis
41
The lateral aspect of the cranium is formed by both the ______ and the _____.
Neurocranium Viscerocranium
42
Where is most of the temporalis muscle Located?
Temporal fossa
43
What are the temporal fossa boundaries?
Superior and posterior: Superior and inferior temporal lines Anterior: Frontal and zygomatic bones Inferior: Zygomatic arch
44
The zygomatic arch is formed by the union of what?
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
45
Parts of the temporal bone
Squamous Zygomatic process Tympanic part Mastoid process External acoustic foramen Styloid process
46
What is the Squamous part of the temporal bone? What does it articulate with?
A large flat plate articulating with greater wing of the sphenoid anteriorly, and with a parietal bone superiorly.
47
What is the anterior bony projection from the squamous part of the temporal bone?
Zygomatic process
48
What does the zygomatic process articulate with?
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone to form the zygomatic arch
49
Where is the tympanic part of the temporal bone located?
Below the origin of the zygomatic process
50
Where does the mastoid process of the temporal bone lie?
Posteroinferior to the external acoustic meatus
51
The external acoustic foramen is the entrance to the _____ _____ ____ (__ __), which leads to the ___ ____ (____)
External acoustic meatus (ear canal) Tympanic membrane (eardrum)
52
What is the slender projection of bone in the temporal bone, that lies anteromedial to the mastoid process
Styloid process
53
What suture joins the frontal and parietal bones?
Coronal suture
54
What suture joins the parietal and occipital bones?
Lambdoid suture
55
An H-shaped formation of sutures that unite the frontal, parietal, sphenoid (greater wing), and temporal bones.
Pterion
56
The pterion bone is thin and overlies what?
The anterior division of the middle meningeal artery
57
Occipital aspect of the cranium, AKA:
Norma occipitalis
58
What is the Norma occipitalis formed by?
Occipital bone, parts of the parietal bones, and parts of mastoid of the temporal bone
59
Elevation in the median plan of the norma occipitalis
External occipital protuberance (EOP)
60
What extends laterally from each side of the EOP?
Superior nuchal line and inferior nuchal line (less distinct)
61
What is the lambda of the norma occipitalis formed by?
The intersection of the Sagittal and lambdoid sutures
62
Superior aspect of the cranium, AKA:
Norma vericalis
63
The norma vericalis broadens ______ and the _____ ____
Posterolateral Parietal eminences
64
What suture unites the frontal and parietal bones?
Coronal suture
65
What suture unites the right and left parietal bones
Sagittal suture
66
What suture unites the occipital bone with the right and left parietal and temporal bones?
Lambdoid suture
67
What is the landmark formed by the intersection of the Sagittal and coronal sutures?
Bregma
68
What is the vertex?
The superior part of the cranium, near the midpoint of the Sagittal suture
69
The alveolar arch of the maxillae surround and support the _____ _____.
Maxillary teeth
70
What forms the hard palate anteriorly? Posteriorly?
Anteriorly- palatine process of the maxillae Posteriorly- Horizontal plates of the palatine bones
71
What are the three foramina open on the oral aspect of the hard palate?
Incisive fossa Lesser palatine foramen Greater palatine foramen
72
Where is the incisive fossa located?
Posterior to the central incisor
73
Where is the lesser palatine located?
On the posterolateral part of the hard palate
74
Where is the greater palatine foramen located?
On the posterolateral part of the hard palate, posterior to the lesser palatine foreamen
75
What is the thin flat bone that forms a part of the bone nasal septum?
Vomer
76
Choanae, AKA:
Posterior nasal apertures
77
What separates the choanae from each other?
The vomer
78
Where is the sphenoid bone located?
Between the frontal, temporal, and occipital bones.
79
What are the three pairs of processes of the sphenoid bone?
Greater wing of sphenoid bone Lesser wing of sphenoid bone Pterygoid process
80
The pterygoid processes extend _______ on each side of the _____ from the:
Inferiorly Sphenoid Junction of the body and greater wings
81
The pterygoid processes constitute of :
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
82
Where is the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube located?
Medial to the spine of the sphenoid, inferior to the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous part of the temporal bone
83
_______ foassae, depressions in the ____________ accommodate the heads of the mandible
Mandibular fossa Squamous part of the temporal bone
84
Where is the foreamen magnum located?
Within the occipital bone
85
How does the cranium articulate with the vertebral column?
With occipital condyles
86
What is the large opening between the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bone
Jugular foramen
87
The carotid canal is anterior to the:
Jugular foramen
88
Where is the stylomastoid foramen located?
Between the styloid and mastoid processes
89
What are the three depressions in the internal surface of the cranial base?
Anterior cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Posterior cranial fossa
90
What is the anterior cranial fossa formed by?
Anteriorly- frontal bone Centrally- ethmoid bone Posteriorly- body and lesser wings of the sphenoid
91
What are the features of the anterior cranial fossa?
Orbital plates of the frontal bone (forms roof of the orbits) Frontal crest (median bony extension of the frontal bone) Crista Galli (median ridge of bone that projects superiorly from the ethmoid) Cribriform plate of the ethmoid (each side of the cristal galli)
92
The middle cranial fossa is ______-shapes. It is formed By:
Butterfly The greater wings of the sphenoid, squamous parts of the temporal bones laterally, and petrous parts of the temporal bones posteriorly
93
Features of the middle cranial fossa (8)
Sella turcica Superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bones Sphenoidal crests Foramen lacerum Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
94
The sells turcica, on the body of the _____ is surrounded by:
Sphenoid The anterior and posterior clinoid processes
95
What does the superior border of the petrous part of the temporal bones form?
The lateral boundaries between the middle and posterior cranial fossa
96
What are the sharp posterior margins of the lesser wings of the sphenoid bones?
Sphenoidal crests
97
The sphenoidal crests end ________ by forming:
Medially Anterior clinoid processes
98
The foramen lacerum lies where?
Posterolateral to the hypophyseal fossa
99
What is the opening between the greater and lesser wings that communicates with the orbit?
Superior orbital fissure
100
What is the circular foramen located posterior to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure?
Foramen rotundum
101
What is the oval foramen located posterolateral to the foramen rotundum?
Foramen ovale
102
Where is the foramen spinosum located?
Posterolateral to the foramen ovale
103
What is the largest and deepest of the cranial fossae?
Posterior cranial fossa
104
A marked incline behind the sella turcica which leads to the foramen magnum
Clivus
105
What are the features of the posterior cranial fossa? (5)
Clivus Internal occipital crest Transverse and sigmoid sinuses Internal acoustic meatus Hypoglossal canals
106
The internal occipital crest begins posterior to the ____ _____ and end superiorly in the _____ ____ ____. It divides the posterior part of the fossae into:
Foramen magnum Internal occipital protuberance Two cerebellum fossae
107
Transverse and sigmoid sinuses form ___ ____ that continues with the ______ _____.
Broad grooves Jugular foramen
108
Where is the internal acoustic meatus located?
Anterosuperior to the jugular foramen
109
The hypoglossal canals lie where?
Superior to the anterolateral margin of the foramen magnum
110
What are the auditory ossicles?
Malleus Incus Stapes
111
What is the purpose of the auditory ossicles?
To form a mobile chain of small bones across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
112
The malleus is attached to the _____ ____. It has ___, ___, and _____.
Tympanic membrane Head, neck, and handle (The head of the malleus articulates with the incus)
113
Where is the incus located? What is the purpose?
Between the malleus and the stapes and articulates with them
114
The ______ is the smallest ossicles. It attaches to:
Stapes Margins of the oval window
115
The hyoid bone is _______-shapes with a ___ and two pairs of ______
Horseshoe Body Horns (or cornua)
116
What is the location of the hyoid bone?
In the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage at the level of the C3 vertebra
117
Purpose of hyoid bone?
Does not articulate with any other bone Functionally serves as an attachment for anterior neck muscles to keep airway open
118
3 parts of the hyoid bone:
Body Greater horn Lesser horn
119
The body is the _____ part of the hyped bone. It has an ______ ____ surface and a _____ ______ surface
Central Anterior convex Concave posterior
120
The greater horn of the hyoid projects from each end of the body in a ______, ______ and ______ direction. It acts as:
Posterior, superior and lateral A site of attachment for numerous neck muscles
121
The lesser horn of the hyoid bone arises from the _____ aspect of the bone, near the: It projects:
Superior Origin of the greater horn Superoposteriorly (toward the styloid process of the temporal bone)
122
Where does the stylohyoid ligament attach?
To the apex of the lesser horn
123
What is the highest point of the skull?
Vertex
124
What is the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, the squamous portion of the temporal bone, the frontal bone and the parietal bone?
Pterion
125
Where is the lambda located?
Where the Lambdoidal and Sagittal sutures meet
126
What is the bregma?
The union of the coronal and Sagittal sutures
127
What is the Glabella?
The most anterior part of the forehead Formed by the junction of the inferior frontal bone and the root of the nose
128
What is the most prominent point of the external occipital protuberance?
Union
129
The Nasion is marked by:
The union of the frontonasal and internasal sutures
130
Foramen in the anterior cranial fossa
Cribiform foramina in cribiform plate Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
131
What are the contents of the cribiform foramina
Olfactory nerves (CNI)
132
Contents of the ant. And post ethmoidal foramina
Vessels and nerves with same nerves as foramina
133
Foramina in the middle cranial fossa
Optic canals Superior orbital fissure Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Foramen lacerum Groove or hiatus of greater petrousal nerve
134
Contents of the optic canals
Optic nerves (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries
135
Contents of the superior orbital fissure
Ophthalmic veins; ophthalmic nerve (CN V2) CN II, IV and VI Sympathetic fibers
136
Contents of the foreamen rotundum
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
137
Contents of the foramen ovale
Mandibular nerve (CN V3) and accessory menindeal artery
138
Contents of the foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of CN V3
139
Contents of the groove/hiatus of the greater personal nerve
Greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery
140
Foramina in the posterior cranial fossa
Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Stylomastoid foramen
141
Contents of the foramen magnum
Medulla and meninges Vertebral arteries CN XI
142
Contents of the jugular foramen
CN IX, X, and XI Inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses
143
Contents of the hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
144
Contents of the stylomastoid foramen
Facial nerve (VII)

Head And Neck (16 decks)

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