The Sow

Question 1

the time interval from weaning to service

Answer 1

Dry Period

Question 2

signs of poor management practice

Answer 2

✓ low conception rate
✓ abortion
✓ small litter size at birth and weaning
✓ impaired reproduction

Question 3

Signs of poor management practice can be minimized by;

Answer 3

✓ always keep the sow in good health and condition
✓ lactation period should only be 6 weeks to shorten dry period
✓ do not feed the sow on the day of weaning and reduce water intake
✓ expose weaned sows to the boar
✓ if sows do not come into heat within the days, hormonal injection could be given to induce heat
✓ old sows from 8 parity and above tend longer dry periods
✓ keep sows as cool as possible
✓ check dry for heat occurrence twice a day
✓ observe the right time of breeding
✓ breed only good sows. cull bad sows immediately

Question 4

time during which the sow will accept the boar

Answer 4

1-5 days (with an average of 2-3 days)

Question 5

if not bred., when will be the cycle repeat?

Answer 5

16-25 days (with an average of 21 days)

Question 6

it is believed that ovulation takes place in how many hours after the onset of estrus?

Answer 6

40 hours

Question 7

in how many hours the sperm cell lives in the reproductive tract of female?

Answer 7

28-48 hours

Question 8

suggested feeding scheme for dry sows

Answer 8

Hog Breeder

Question 9

Advantages of early pregnancy detection

Answer 9

✓ it makes possible to cull
✓ allows closer grouping of a number of sows
✓ gives early warning for breeding troubles
✓ enables the producer to make adequately for farrowing, nursing and finishing

Question 10

in this stage that conception and early development of the embryo takes place, we should avoid?

Answer 10

avoid stress, rough handling, fighting and other disturbances

Question 11

Avoid stress, rough handling, fighting and other disturbances especially in the?

Answer 11

1st 3-4 weeks of pregnancy

Question 12

For the sow to be relaxed and to adjust to the environment, move her from?

Answer 12

gestating pen to farrowing pen

Question 13

Signs of Farrowing

Answer 13

✓ nest making, nudging and biting of hurdles
✓ dog sitting position
✓ enlargement of udder of the sow
✓ enlargement and swelling of the vulva
✓ frequent urination
✓ milk let down
✓ mucous discharge with meconium
✓ signs of labor

Question 14

suckling period could be from?

Answer 14

28 days to 42 days

Question 15

is very critical and demanding at farrowing time.

Answer 15

management

Question 16

Farrowing may take as how many hours?

Answer 16

1hr or may last for several hours
(39 min to 6 hours with an average of 2.5 hours)

Question 17

interval between piglets not be longer than?

Answer 17

15 mins

Question 18

assistance to sows should be given if the following is observed;

Answer 18

✓ restlessness
✓ excessive straining
✓ piglet interval is 45 minutes

Question 19

Farrowing problems are usually observed in?

Answer 19

older, overweight and nervous sows

Question 20

reasons why piglets are slow to be born;

Answer 20

✓ large piglet is struck in the birth canal
✓ piglets coming out at the same time
✓ exhausted sow for farrowing quite sometimes
✓ farrowing house is to warm

Question 21

used to detect piglets that died from stillbirth as compared to suffocation or any other cause of death.

Answer 21

lung floatation method

Question 22

causes of piglets that died from stillbirth

Answer 22

✓ increased farrowing time
✓ warm farrowing room
✓ piglets born towards the end of farrowing

Question 23

drug to induce farrowing

Answer 23

prostaglandin

Question 24

one of the most abrupt & major changes for many animals

Answer 24

Birth

Question 25

Piglets Care and Management

Answer 25

✓ Navel Cord Care ✓ Teeth Clipping & Tail Docking ✓ Brooder ✓ Ear Notching ✓ Colostrum ✓ Fostering ✓ Splaylegs

Question 26

is practiced to minimize tail biting problems during weaning and fattening stages

Answer 26

tail docking

Question 27

this should be done immediately to avoid damage to the udder the sow and to prevent fighting wounds among piglets

Answer 27

teeth clipping and tail docking

Question 28

the ideal brooding temperature

Answer 28

30-32 C or a two 75 watt or three 59-watt electric bulb

Question 29

it done to identify the animals

Answer 29

Earnotching

Question 30

some tips in tail docking

Answer 30

✓ use side cutter ✓ dock tails soon after birth ✓ do not clip the tail too short ✓ clean cutters thoroughly

Question 31

all of the newborn piglets immunity comes from the sow after birth. the ability to passively absorbed the immunoglobulin intact, without indigestion is lost after 36 hrs. of birth

Answer 31

passive immunity

Question 32

is an important mineral necessary for the formation of hemoglobin (carrier of oxygen) in the RBC and prevents nutritional anemia.

Answer 32

Iron (Fe)

Question 33

preferred route of administration.

Answer 33

injection

Question 34

the concentration of iron

Answer 34

100 or 200 mg iron per ml

Question 35

signs of iron deficiency/nutritional anemia;

Answer 35

✓ loss of appetite ✓ emaciation ✓ restlessness ✓ poor hair & skin condition ✓ slow growth ✓ paleness ✓ hard breathing

Question 36

piglets may suffer from iron toxicity with dose of 600 mg/kg body weight in 3 to 10-day-old piglets

Question 37

signs of iron toxicity

Answer 37

✓ depressed fed intake and rate of gain ✓ rickets and death

Question 38

removal of the testicles is a simple operation

Answer 38

castration

Question 39

the best time to castrate the animals

Answer 39

1 to 2 weeks of age

Question 40

which slow growth and systemic infection like tetanus and lockjaw

Answer 40

castration abscesses

Question 41

TRUE OR FALSE! Bathing after castration is recommended

Answer 41

FALSE. not recommended

Question 42

the inguinal ring is damaged due to excessive pulling of the spermatic cord when the testicle is forced out

Answer 42

post castration hernia

Question 43

due to prolonged handling and restraint. it should be performed quickly

Answer 43

hemorrhage

Question 44

Advantages in Castration

Answer 44

✓ it reduces if not eliminate the obnoxious boar odor ✓ it avoids accidental breeding ✓ castrates are easier to handle because they are docile

Question 45

Disadvantages of Castration

Answer 45

✓ castrates on restricted ration grow slower ✓ boars have better slaughter quality ✓ stress & shower growth after castration ✓ time consuming and rough job

Question 46

are not recommended for lactating sows

Answer 46

roughage and voluminous feeds

Question 47

average milk production of sows per day

Answer 47

7.5-9.5 litter

Question 48

peak production of milk occurs between the?

Answer 48

3rd and 4th week. then it declines

Question 49

points of interest if the sow cannot consume the ration given;

Answer 49

✓ wet feeding result to higher consumption than dry feeding ✓ pellets are better than mash or meal ✓ feed the sow many times a day in divided ration or adlib ✓ high temperature in the pen results to less feed intake

Question 50

weight of 28 days old piglet

Answer 50

7.5 kgs

Question 51

duration between weaning and post weaning heat

Answer 51

4-7 days

Question 52

pigs less than 7 days old utilize only

Answer 52

glucose and lactose

Question 53

piglets that 7-10 days old utilize?

Answer 53

fructose and sucrose

Question 54

feeding fructose and sucrose to piglets less than 7 days old results to?

Answer 54

✓ severe diarrhea ✓ weight loss ✓ high mortality

Question 55

what should we feed 2 week old and older pigs?

Answer 55

starch and cereal

Question 56

piglets can be given __________ as early as 7 days old

Answer 56

21-24% CP

Question 57

should be offered in small quantities several times daily to make sure that the feeds remain fresh

Answer 57

pre-starter diets

Question 58

due to to disease in young pigs are constant risk maintaining herd health to assure profitability

Answer 58

economic and death losses

Question 59

play a significant role in a disease prevention

Answer 59

animal husbandry practices, building design and nutrition

Question 60

a combination of proper use ___________ that reduce disease spread will lead to both profitable pork production for producer and safe meat nutrient for consumers

Answer 60

✓ antibacterial for treatment ✓ vaccines for prevention ✓ improved husbandry program

Question 61

common post- farrowing problems

Answer 61

✓ MMA syndrome ✓ Post- farrowing paralysis ✓ Retained placenta ✓ Vagina/uterine prolapse ✓ dystocia

Question 62

diarrhea in piglets

Answer 62

✓ Escherichia coli ✓ TGE virus

Question 63

described as the period on the day of weaning until the day they are transferred to the fattening unit

Answer 63

rearing period

Question 64

rearing period takes ___________ or when the pigs are around ___________.

Answer 64

30 days or 15-20 kgs live weight

Question 65

piglets are commonly weaned at the age of?

Answer 65

4-5 weeks or 28-35 days

Question 66

Note!

Answer 66

commonly suggested that piglets be weaned by weight not by date

Question 67

a stronger, heavier piglet has;

Answer 67

✓ better immunity levels ✓ a mature digestive system ✓ more ability to withstand pen temperature

Question 68

Sanitation

Answer 68

✓ manure is scraped ✓ pen is washed with water ✓ feeders are cleaned and disinfected ✓ heat lamps are checked

Question 69

each weaner pig requires ________ for raised deck are ________.

Answer 69

0.23 square meter 0.33 square meter for concrete floor

Question 70

mount the nipple drinker ___________ so that they have to raise their heads when the drink.

Answer 70

5 cm above the pigs shoulders

Question 71

If you are running a fattener operation, stress is common to newly purchased pigs such as;

Answer 71

✓ fatigue ✓ hunger ✓ thirst ✓ temperature changes ✓ ration changes ✓ fighting ✓ diseases

Question 72

one of the most stressful periods in the life of young pigs

Answer 72

weaning

Question 73

diarrhea of weaners

Answer 73

✓ non-infected diarrhea/post weaning diarrhea ✓ edema disease/gut edema

Question 74

non-infected diarrhea/post weaning diarrhea

Answer 74

✓ environment ✓ social stress ✓ nutrition

Question 75

arthritis

Answer 75

✓ streptococcal arthritis ✓ mycoplasma arthritis