The State and Globalisation Flashcards
(13 cards)
What is a nation?
A collection of people bound together by shared values and traditions, usually sharing the same geographical area, eg. Palestine, England
What is a nation-state?
Autonomous political community held together by citizenship and nationality, eg. Iran, Turkiye
What is the Peace of Westphalia with the 3 principles of Westphalian sovereignty?
1648
Before this, there was a 30-year old war where 1/4 of Europe’s population was wiped out. To resolve this conflict over land they signed this treaty.
3 principles of Westphalian sovereignty:
-The principle of the sovereignty of states and the right to self-determination (can decide eg. religion, rights)
-The principle of legal equality between states
-The principle of non-intervention of one state in the affairs of another state
What is internal vs. external sovereignty?
Internal- refers to the location of supreme power/authority within the state, eg. Westminster, Washington DC
External- refers to the capacity of the state to act independently and autonomously on the world stage. Every nation-state in UN has the right to vote in general assembly. Protected by military, navy, nuclear deterrents, alliance, sanctions (wealthy)
What is globalisation?
The emergence of a global economic, political and cultural force which is incorporating the people of the world into a single system.
What do hyper-globalisers think?
They argue that globalisation is creating a revolutionary shift in the structures of global power which leads to making the nation-state obsolete. Increasing economic integration, worldwide capital flows, instantaneous global communication, increasing influence of MNCs and the rise of influential non-state actors have combined to challenge the centrality of the state in international relations. Modern life is connected through trade and capital flows that the nation-state can no longer determine its own future and have to work within economic and financial parameters established through globalisation leading to them having to infer that an increasingly ‘borderless world’ is being created- state borders are more permeable.
What do globalisation sceptics think?
They question the extent to which globalisation is new- has it challenged the authority of the state? The world has experienced globalisation before. Eg. 1870-1913 dramatic advances in telegraphic communications, size and speed of ships and role of Royal Navy in policing the world’s sea lanes established as a first wave of globalisation. But didn’t undermine state sovereignty. Modern-day globalisation has also failed to create a more global community- collapse of Doha Round of WTO negotiation shows that sovereign nations in developing countries aren’t prepared to accept that they should continue to open up markets without reciprocal Global North arrangements for agriculture. Limited effectiveness of ICJ/World Court and ICC confirms ongoing significance of nation-state in IR. UK negotiating departure from EU on most favourable terms it could achieve in 2020 shows nation states adopting a highly state-centric approach to international negotiations.
What do transformationalists think?
Globalisation has had a deep impact on state sovereignty- emphasise totality of it. Developments are so profound states have to engage with a new set of rules. New stakeholders like MNCs and NGOs challenge states’ sovereign authority. But don’t think it signals less of state, rather state is continually having to adapt to its challenge. Membership of regional bodies like EU and influence of WB, WTO etc. have challenged state sovereignty yet member states still negotiate best deal for citizens. Eg. when nation-states have embarked upon regionalism, \
