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Anatomy > The Temporal, Infratemporal And Pterygopalatine Fossae > Flashcards

The Temporal, Infratemporal And Pterygopalatine Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa? (On lateral side of skull)

A

Superiorly and posteriorly by the superior and inferior temporal line.

Anteriorly to the frontal and zygomatic bones

Inferiorly to the zygotes arch

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2
Q

What is the roof of the temporal fossa?

A

Formed by the thick temporalis fascia that covers the temporalis muscle

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3
Q

The temporal fossa contains, the H-shaped suture at the junction of the frontal, parental, temporal and sphenoid bones. What is this called?

A

Pterion

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4
Q

What are the contents of the temporal fossa?

A

Temporalis muscle
Deep temporal nerves/vessels
Auriculotemporal nerve
Superficial temporal vessels

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5
Q

With which fossa does the temporal fossa communicate?

A

The infratemporal fossa

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6
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Deep to and below the zygomatic arch

Medial to the ramus of the mandible and behind the posterior aspect of the maxilla.

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7
Q

What is the roof of the infratemporal fossa?

A

By the portion of the sphenoid bone that contains the foramen ovale (V3) and the foramen spinosum (for middle meningeal a) and the mastoid process and stylohoid process of the temporal bone.

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8
Q

What does the infratemporal fossa contain?

A 
A portion of the parotid gland
M/L pterygoid muscles (mastication)
Maxillary artery
Pterygoid venous plexus
Motor and sensory branch of V3
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9
Q

The _____ _____ provide surgical approach for the treatment of tumors (e.g. Maxillary sinus), to repair fractures of the skull base, and for the targeted delivery of drugs via the arterial system.

A

Infratemporal fossa

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10
Q

What are the four primary muscles of mastication?

A

Medial
Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis

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11
Q

In what plane does the lateral pterygoid muscle lie?

A

Horizontal plane

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12
Q

Where does the superior head of the pterygoid muscle insert?

A

From the infratemporal surface of the sphenoid bone to the articular capsul

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13
Q

Where does the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

A

From the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate to the condylar process of the mandible

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14
Q

What is the origin of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Tuberosity of the Mancilla and the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Inner aspect of the angle of the mandible

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16
Q

Where do both of the pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate

Note: they attach at different sides of the plate

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17
Q

From where does the masseter extend?

A

From the inferior border and medial aspect of the zygomatic arch to the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible

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18
Q

From where does the temporalis muscle extend?

A

From the bones of the themporal fossa to the coronoid process and anterior ramus of the mandible

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19
Q

What are the two proceses found on the ramus of the mandible?

A

Anterior: coronoid process

Posterior: condylar process

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20
Q

What does the notch of the mandible transmit?

A

The neurovasculr bundle to the muscles

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21
Q

What does the round head of the condylar process articulate with?

A

The temporal bone at the temporomandbular joint (TMJ)

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22
Q

What nerve passes through the mandíbulas foramen?

A

The inferior alveolar nerve

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23
Q

The _____ and ______ for a sling around the mandible and, acting in concert with the temporalis muscle, elevate the law and close the mouth.

A

The masseter and medial pterygoid

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24
Q

What is the primary depressor of the jaw?

A

The lateral pterygoid

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25
Q

Opening of the mouth if due to the action of the lateral pterygoid with what other muscle?

A

Hyoid muscles

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26
Q

Protrusion of the mouth is due to what muscles?

A

Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

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27
Q

Retrusion of the mouth is done by what muscles?

A

Posterior fibers of temporalis, the masseter and assisted by the digastric and geniohyoid muscles

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28
Q

What does lateral movement of the mouth?

A

The temporalis and (contralateral) medial+lateral pterygoid muscles

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29
Q

What forms the tmj?

A

The condyle of the mandible together with the reticular tubercle and the mandíbulas fossa of the temporal bone

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30
Q

What divide the TMJ into a suprmeniscal and inframeniscal compartments?

A

A Fibrocartilage bicóncava articular disk

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31
Q

What is the action of the TMJ in the inferior compartment?

A

The condyle simply rotates on the articular disk

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32
Q

What is the action of the TMJ in the supra compartment?

A

The condyle and disk slide anterior and posteriorly over the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

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33
Q

What is the site of delivery for anesthesia for the mandíbulas teeth?

A

The mandíbulas foramen

Note: when done correctly, the termination of the inferior alveolar nerve, the mental nerve, will result in numbness of the chin

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34
Q

What can result from yawning, excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoid, a blow to the chin when the moist if open, or a fracture of the mandible?

A

Dislocation of the TMJ

-This is when the condyle passes beyond the apex of the articular tubercle.It is then dislocated and stuck

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35
Q

What nerves can TMJ dislocation damage?

A

The facial or aurioculotemporal nerves

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36
Q

What is bruxism?

A

A common problem whereby psychological issues result in excessive grinding of the teeth and/or excessive clenching of the jaw.

Bruxism can damage teeth and dental restorations.

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37
Q

What is the largest terminal branch of the external carotid artery?

A

The maxillary artery

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38
Q

From where does the maxillary artery originate?

A

From the ext. carotid behind the neck of the mandible

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39
Q

What is the course of the maxillary artery?

A

It courses between the ramus of the mandible and the medial pterygoid muscle, then adjacent to the lateral pterygoid muscle and terminates at the entrance of the nasal cavity.

40
Q

This artery is important for bleeding control during operations and is a portal for selective intra-arterial chemotherapy for the head and neck cancers. What artery is this?

A

The maxillary artery

41
Q

What is the general area that the maxillary artery and its 16 branches supply?

A

The ear and tympanic membrane and the muscles of the temporal and infratemporal fossa.

42
Q

From what artery do the middle meningeal and accessory middle meningeal arteries come from?

A

From the maxillary artery

Note: these will cause an epidural hematoma if ruptured

43
Q

What are the important arteries that come from the maxillary artery?

A 
Middle meningeal (and accessory)
Inferior alveolar 
Buccal
Posterior superior alveolar
Infraorbital 
Descending palatine 
Sphenopalatine
Pharyngeal
44
Q

What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?

A

The mandibular teeth

45
Q

What does the Buccal artery supply?

A

The check

46
Q

What does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?

A

Posterior teeth of the maxilla

47
Q

Where does the infraorbital artery course through?

A

The infraorbital groove beneath the eye

Note: fractures

48
Q

What does the descending palatine artery supply?

A

The oral region

49
Q

What ones the sphenopalatine artery supply?

A

The nasal cavity, paransal sinuses, palate and roof of the pharynx

50
Q

Through where do the sphenopalatine artery, the terminal branch of the maxillary artery, pass though to the nasal cavity?

A

The sphenopalatine foramen

Note: in danger during surgery to this area

51
Q

The infratemporal fossa is continuous medically with?

A

The small pterygopalatine fossa

52
Q

What structure is located between the pterygoid process of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the maxilla?

A

Small pterygopalatine fossa

53
Q

What is the medial border of the small pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone

54
Q

The posterior will of the pterygopalatine fossa is formed by the _____ , contains 3 foramina.

A

Pterygoid process of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

55
Q

What are the 3 foramina of the posterior wall of the pterygoidpalatine fossa

A

Pterygoid (Vidian) canal

Foramen rotundum

Palatovaginal canal

56
Q

What does the palatovaginal canal contain that is within the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Vessels that communicate with the pharynx

57
Q

What structure contains preganglionic parasympathetic axons and postganglionic axons destined for the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

The pterygoid (vidian) canal

58
Q

What do the greater and lessor palatine canals transmit to the oral cavity?

A

The palatine neurovascular bundle

59
Q

At the base of the pterygopalatine fossa are the __________ that form the junction between the alveolar process of the maxilla, the palatine bone and the pterygoid process.

A

Greater and lessor palatine canals

60
Q

On the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa what foramen opens into the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

61
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa is open laterally to the infratemporal fossa through the _____________.

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

62
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the middle cranial fossa via?

A

The foramen rotundamente and pterygoid canal

63
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa via the?

A

Pterygomaxillary fissure

64
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicate with orbit via the?

A

Inferior orbital fissure

65
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the nasal cavity via the?

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

66
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the oral cavity via the?

A

Palatine canal

67
Q

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the pharynx via the?

A

Pterygovaginal canal

68
Q

What fossa contains V2 of the trigeminal, the pterygopalatine ganglion and its branches, and the maxillary artery and its branches.

A

The pterygopalatine fossa

69
Q

In the pterygopalatine fossa the arteries enter _______ and the nerves enter _________.

A

Laterally

Posteriorly

70
Q

Axons from the pterygopalatine ganglion leave as the _______ for parasympathetic nerves.

A

Greater petrosal nerve

71
Q

Sympathetic neurons form a plexus on the internal carotid artery and ________ leaves to join preganglionic parasympathetic axons in the greater petrosal nerve.

A

Deep petrosal nerve

72
Q

The deep petrosal nerve and the greater petrosal nerve forms the?

A

The nerve of the vidian canal

73
Q

What is the hay fever ganglion?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Note: because of its role in tearing and mucous secretion

74
Q

From what nerve is the pterygopaltine ganglion suspended?

A

The maxillary nerve

75
Q

What does the maxillary nerve innervate?

A

The deep face

76
Q

What is the path of the maxillary nerve?

A

Enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the foramen rotunda, exits through the inferior orbital fissure, and terminates as the infraorbital nerve.

77
Q

What is the nerve that the maxillary receives sensation from the maxillary teeth?

A

The superior alveolar nerve

78
Q

These branches are from what nerve that are within the pterygopalatine fossa?

  1. Communicating branches to the pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. A branch that exits via the sphenopalatine foramen
  3. Palatine nerves
  4. Zygomatic nerve
A

The maxillary nerve (V2)

79
Q

Palatine nerve pass though the greater and lesser palatine foramen to receive sensations from what location.

A

The hard and soft palate (respectively)

80
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve split into?

A

Zigomaticofacial

Zigomaticotemporal

81
Q

An infection in the region of the nose can reach the cavernous sinus with the potential to cause meningitis. That is why it’s called a _________.

A

Danger area

82
Q

The veins of the infratemporal fossa can direct blood to what plexus? (Within the fossa)

A

Pterygoid plexus

83
Q

What plexus surround the lateral pterygoid muscle and communicates with the cavernous sinus, ophthalmic veins and facial vein.

A

Pterygoid plexus

Note: it also has channels to the IJV and EJV

84
Q

Damage to what plexus during surgery within the infratemporal fossa can lead to serious bleeding?

A

Pterygoid plexus

85
Q

A hematoma (pool of blood outside a vessel) is a complication from an improperly placed ______ nerve block. (Within the infratemporal fossa)

A

Posterior alveolar

86
Q

What is the primary nerve of the infratemporal fossa?

A

The mandibular division of trigeminal

87
Q

The ___ ganglion resides in a pouch of dura in Mekel’s cave in the middle cranial fossa.

A

Trigeminal

88
Q

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

A

Meckels cave

89
Q

Where is meckels cave located?

A

Middle cranial fossa

90
Q

When the mandibular division of trigeminal enters the foramen ovale, into what fossa does it enter?

A

Infratemporal

91
Q

What are the primary sensory branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal
Inferior alveolar
Lingual
Buccal

92
Q

What is the sensation of the auriculotemporal nerve?

A

From the skin in the region of the ear

93
Q

From what part of the body does the inferior alveolar nerve sense?

A

From the mandibular teeth

94
Q

Where does the lingual nerve receive sensation from?

A

The terror 2/3 of the tongue

95
Q

From where does the Buccal nerve receive sensation?

A

The cheek

Anatomy (23 decks)

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