Therapeutic Modalities

Question 1

Health Def.

Answer 1

A dynamic state of wellbeing associated with physical, mental and social potential in relation to expectations associated with age, culture and personal responsibility

Question 2

2 Views of Disease

Answer 2

Naturalistic and Normative

Question 3

Naturalistic view of disease

Answer 3

condition interfering with organism’s natural state characterised by abnormal functioning of hosts one (or more) parts. Limited: Doesn’t take into account permanent (non-disease) conditions eg neurodivergence

Question 4

Normative View

Answer 4

Any condition individuals/society views as harmful. Limited: corrupted by human influence. Eg: homosexuality

Question 5

View of relationship between deviations from (perceived) average and disease today

Answer 5

No relation

Question 6

3 Factors of Disease Today

Answer 6

Disvalue (normative), Phenomenology (naturalistic) and aetiology (cause)

Question 7

Medicalising Conditions Def.

Answer 7

Treating conditions with medication unnecessarily

Question 8

Therapeutic Modalities Aim

Answer 8

Minimise disvalue associated with disease

Question 9

2 Types of Disease Disvalue

Answer 9

Morbidity (symptoms + disability) and Prognosis (probability of increased morbitity and chance of death

Question 10

Lifestyle Drugs

Answer 10

Treatments for aspects of life that are not diseases but if alter would lead to perceived increase in quality of life

Question 11

Bio-axisis

Answer 11

Demonstrates factors that impact health (probability of contracting disease). From genes to society (arrows on axsis pointing both directions)

Question 12

Drug Therapuetics

Answer 12

Treatment on the patient (not societal) level. Used in disease alleviation/prevention. Very rarely cures

Question 13

Measuring Individual Therapeutic Outcomes

Answer 13

Pharmacological (measures of chemical effects) and efficacy (desired therapeutic effect in controlled conditions)

Question 14

Chemical Therapuetic Agent

Answer 14

Small molecule drug, peptide, antibodies, enzymes, vaccines and DNA product

Question 15

Source of small molecules

Answer 15

Synthetic and natural

Question 16

Peptide Source

Answer 16

Synthetic, natural and recombinant DNA

Question 17

Antibodies Source

Answer 17

Natural (animal serum) and synthetic (mAb)

Question 18

Enzyme source

Answer 18

Recombinant DNA

Question 19

Vaccine source

Answer 19

Microorganisms and recombinant DNA

Question 20

DNA Source

Answer 20

Recombinant DNA

Question 21

Preclinical Study Steps

Answer 21

Research, novel chemical synthesis, test tube & animal testing, scale up synthesis (chronic animal results) and application for regulatory body approval

Question 22

Clinical Studies Steps

Answer 22

Healthy human study, patient study, large clinical trial, Drug application to reglatory bodies and approval for marketing

Question 23

Serendipity Def.

Answer 23

Beneficial development of events by chance

Question 24

Constituents of Drug Chemical Structure

Answer 24

Group vulnerable to enzyme, pharmacophore (interacts with target protein) and carrier group (lipophilicity of molecules)

Question 25

Druglikeness Def

Answer 25

Physicochemical properties of new chemical entities can determine efficacy of drug. LADME

Question 26

Low therapuetic agents

Answer 26

Drug interacts highly with non-target area. higher risk then benefit

Question 27

Toxicity Def.

Answer 27

Degree to which substance causes damage in body eg side effects, adverse reaction and death

Question 28

Drug Screening Outline

Answer 28

High-throughput (1000), hit to lead (100), lead optimilisation (dozens), candidate seeking (1-3) and precilinical development

Question 29

Overlap between ideal drug and conventional therapeutic Drugs

Answer 29

Patient acceptability, industry choice and side effects