Therapeutics (Yr 4)

Question 1

how do hotspots present?

Answer 1

rapid bacterial overgrowth, happens overnight and area very painful (sedate to clean)

Question 2

how are hotspots treated?

Answer 2

sedation and analgesia
clip and clean
topical antiseptic/antimicrobial
systemic/topical anti-inflammatory (steroids)

Question 3

how is fold dermatitis treated?

Answer 3

topical antiseptic/antimicrobials
systemic anti-inflammatories (steroids)
underlying cause (weight loss…)

Question 4

what is the typical causes of superficial pyoderma?

Answer 4

Staphylococcus (pustules on hair follicles hence its called folliculitis)

Question 5

how are superficial pyoderma’s treated?

Answer 5

remove underlying cause
culture/sensitivity
topical antibiotics (only use systemic for severe)

Question 6

how is Malassezia dermatitis treated?

Answer 6

shampoo (chlorhexidine and miconazole)
antifungals - clotimazole, miconazole, nystatin (systemic if severe)
allergy vaccine against yeast

Question 7

what are some possible topical antiseptics available?

Answer 7

chlorhexidine
hypochlorous acid

Question 8

how is deep pyoderma treated?

Answer 8

topical antiseptic and antibiotics
systemic antibiotics (culture/susceptibility) if severe

Question 9

what is the best way to take a sample to get a culture for a deep pyoderma?

Answer 9

biopsy and swab from furuncle

Question 10

what is the usual bacteria causing superficial pyoderma in dogs?

Answer 10

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Question 11

what are the two mainstays of therapy to control immune mediated skin disease?

Answer 11

remove/treat external triggers
control inappropriate immune response

Question 12

what are some possible external triggers of immune mediated skin disease?

Answer 12

drugs, UV light, infections, neoplasia

Question 13

how can inappropriate immune responses causing immune mediated skin disease be controlled?

Answer 13

immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory drugs
topical therapy
combination therapy

Question 14

what are the phases of treating skin disease?

Answer 14

induction of remission (aggressive therapy with regular monitoring)
transition (taper drugs to lowest effective dose and monitor flares)
maintenance (cases relapse during transition, monitor and taper treatment further)

Question 15

what are some possible therapeutics used for immune mediated skin disease (other than steroids)?

Answer 15

cytotoxic (chlorambucil…)
ciclosporin
oclacitinib
topicals (emollients, anti-inflammatories…)

Question 16

what is the usual starting dose of prednisolone?

Answer 16

2mg/kg/day

Question 17

what are some possible side effects seen with steroid use?

Answer 17

PUPD, polyphagia
muscle weakness
panting
weight gain/abdominal enlargement
alopecia, secondary bacterial infection, calcinosis cutis

Question 18

what is the main side effect of ciclosporin?

Answer 18

vomiting and diarrhoea
(increased hair growth, immunosuppression)

Question 19

what are some contraindications of ciclosporin use?

Answer 19

liver disease (metabolised by P450 enzyme)
don’t vaccinate when on this (immunosuppression)

Question 20

how would you treat sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 20

ciclosporin (pred until it works)
topical antiseptic (remove scale and rehydrate)