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GLE 2024 (Day 3) > THERMODYNAMICS > Flashcards

THERMODYNAMICS Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

A porton of the universe which can be isolated physically or mentally in order to be studied

A

System

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2
Q

The adjacent portions of the universe outside such isolate entity being studied

A

Surroundings

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3
Q

Energy in Motion

A

Kinetic

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4
Q

Energy at Rest

A

Potential

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5
Q

Describes a configuration of minimum energy

A

Stable

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6
Q

Describes a configuration of maximum energy capable of spontaenous cange

A

unstable

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7
Q

Systems naturally (avoid, tend) configurations of min. energy

A

Tend to

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8
Q

State that is neither stable nor unstable

A

Metastable

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9
Q

the study of motion such as projectiles or falling rock

A

Mechanics

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10
Q

deals with the energy of heat and work

A

Thermodynamics

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11
Q

Measure of Energy transfer that occur when an object is moved over at as distance by external force

A

Work

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12
Q

Measure of Energy content/Driving force of chemical systems or Spontaneity of Reaction

A

Gibbs Free Energy

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13
Q

Mathematical Expression of Gibbs Free Energy

A

G = H - TS
(H-Enthalphy
T- emp in K
S - Entropy)

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14
Q

The measure of Heat Content of a system per unit mass volume
Internal Energy + (Volume*Pressure)

A

Enthalpy

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15
Q

The measure of thermal energy per unit temp unavailable for work or

measure of the molecular randomness of a system

A

Entropy

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16
Q

Between solid, Liquid and Gas, which has the greatest entropy?

A

Gas

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17
Q

Stable Systems have (Min, Max) Gibbs Free Enery

A

Minimum

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18
Q

If ?G > 0 (Positive)

A

Backward Reaction (Endergonic)
Reactant have lower total free energy than products

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19
Q

If ?G < 0 (Negative)

A

Forward Reaction (Exergonic)
Products have lower totral free energy than reacttans

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20
Q

Gibbs free energy of a mineral in reference state

A

0

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21
Q

A property that is dependent upon the QUANTITY of te material in the system

A

Extensive Variable

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22
Q

Independent upon the quantity

A

Intensive Variable

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23
Q

The amount of heat required to raise 1 mole of a the substance 1deg cel

A

Heat Capacity

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24
Q

Constant Temperatures

A

Isothermal

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25
Constant Pressure
Isobaric
26
If ?G = 0
Sustem is in equilibrium and in a phase diagram lies in the equilibrium curve
27
Principle stating that in any distrubance in a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system will react in a fashion to mitigate or counteract the change If a chane is imposed on a system at equilbrium, the position of the equilibrium will shift in a direction that tends to resuce such change
Le Chatelier's Principle
28
An equation that gives the slope of the equilibrium curve in a binary phase diagram
Clapeyron Equation
29
Temperature is proportional to Enthalpy and Entrophy Pressure is inversely proportional to Volume
Solid Lowest Entalphy and Entropy Lowest Molecular Volume Gases highest
30
If ?H < 0 (Entalphy is Negative)
Exothermic - Palabas ang Heat
31
If ?H > 0 (Entalphy is Positive)
Endothermic - papasok ang heat
32
If ?H < 0 , ?S > 0, the reaction is
Fowardm Spontaneous at all T
33
When will reaction be non spontaneous at all T
if enthalpy is positive and entropy is negative
34
If both Enthalpy and Entropy is positive
Reaction will be spontaneous at high T
35
If both Enthalpy and Entropy is negatvie
Reaction will be spontaneous at low T
36
Matter and Energy can Pass
Open
37
Matter can't but energy can pass
Closed
38
Both Matter and Energy cant pass
Isolated
39
Solid - Gas
Sublimation
40
Gas - Solid
Deposition
41
Gas - Plasma
Recombination
42
Plasma - Gas
Ionization
43
Liquid - Gas
Evaporation
44
Gas - Liquid
Condensation
45
Liquid - Solid
Freezing
46
Solid - Liquid
Melting
47
Gibss Phase Formula
F = C-P+2
48
At what values of F will chemical reactions generally occur
F<2
49
At what value of F will continuous reactions occur and take place over range of temp in constant pressure
F>0
50
At what value of F will Discountinuous reaction occur and thus cannot involve compostional or temp changes and the entire reaction must occur at single temp
F=0
51
Represents the mixture that has the lowest freezing Pt
Eutectic
52
Represents the last solid to form when freezing
Eutectic
53
weight loss that occurs when poweered sample is heate to about 800 deg cel at w/c pt all the remaining volatiles are released and is a quantitative indicator of secondary hydrous alteration
Loss of Ignition (LOI)
54
Shows relative pressure at the time of melting and is useful in assessing silica saturation a.k.a Cation Norm
CIPW (Cross Iddings, pearson, Washington
55
Volume % of the minerals seen
Mode
56
Calculated Idealized Mineralization or A set of hypothetical minerals that could crystallize from a magma with the same chemical composition as the rock
Norm
57
MgO versus selected Major Oxide Elemens
Fenner Diagram
58
SiO2 vs selceted Major Oxides and oldest Bivarate Diagram
Harker Diagram
59
Alkali vs silica for Volcanic Rocks (X - SiO2 , Y - Na2O+K2O)
TAS
60
Differentiate Ultramafics Komatiite and Picrite
Komatiite >18% wt MgO Has characteristicallY Spinifex Texture w/c implies veryvery fast cooling from very very hot magma almost eclusively formed in Archaean Picrite Have lots of Olivine occurs as penocryst or xenocryst 15% wt MgO
61
a diagram w/c further subdivides the subalkaline series into Tholeeitic and Calc Alkaline
AFM A = Na2O+ K2O F = FeO + Fe2O3 M = MgO
62
Where would MORB plot in AFM?
Near tholeiitic siginifying Fe enrichemnt
63
Calc alkaline are only found in
Subduction zones due to water conent which would change the sequence of crystallizing minerals and delays crystallization of Plagioclase

GLE 2024 (Day 3) (48 decks)

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