Thigh and Knee

Question 1

Linea Aspera

Answer 1

Line down posterior middle of femur

Question 2

Gluteal Tuberosity

Answer 2

Raised lateral lip of linea aspera, below greater trochanter and lateral to lesser trochanter

Question 3

Condyles

Answer 3

Two bulbs at end of femur; medial and lateral

Question 4

Epicondyles

Answer 4

Two bumps above condyles of femur; medial and lateral

Question 5

Adductor tubercle

Answer 5

Bump above medial epicondyle on femur

Question 6

Supracondylar lines

Answer 6

Two lines on femur rising up from epicondles towards linea aspera; medial and lateral

Question 7

Patella

Answer 7

Small bone localized in knee to serve as fulcrum increase range of motion of tendon

Question 8

Intercondylar fossa

Answer 8

Depression between two condyles in which patella sits

Question 9

2 Superficial Veins of Lower Extremity

Answer 9

Anterior: Greater saphenous vein
Posterior: Accessory saphenous vein

Question 10

Deep Inguinal Nodes

Answer 10

Take all drainage from lower extremity

Question 11

4 Parts of Quadriceps Femoris Muscle (and locations)

Answer 11

Rectus femoris m. - middle, crosses both joints
Vastus lateralis m. - lateral side
Vastus medialis m. - medial side
Vastus intermedius m. - underneath

Question 12

Sartorius Muscle

Answer 12

Travels anteriorly from lateral hip to medial tibia, crossing and flexing both joints

Question 13

Iliopsoas Muscle

Answer 13

Combination of psoas and iliacus m.s as they join in common tendon attaching to lesser trochanter to be major flexor

Question 14

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 14

Runs from lateral hip to thigh, tenses fascia lata

Question 15

5 Muscles of Anterior Thigh

Answer 15

Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus, iliopsoas, and tensor fascia lata

Question 16

Innervation of Anterior Compartment Musculature (2)

Answer 16

All by femoral nerve

Pectineus m. may be innervated by obturator n. as well

Question 17

Rectus femoris specific origin which he likes a lot

Answer 17

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 18

5 Muscles of Medial Thigh

Answer 18

Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor magnus

Question 19

Function of Anteromedial Compartment Muscles

Answer 19

Adduction

Question 20

Gracilis muscle (3)

Answer 20

Most medial of thigh muscles, crosses both joints, commonly pulled “groin” muscle

Question 21

Adductor longus, brevis, and magnus relations

Answer 21

Longus most superficial, then brevis, the magnus is largest and deepest

Question 22

Obturator externus

Answer 22

Arises from external portion of obturator foramen and runs very deep directly laterally

Question 23

Medial Thigh Muscle Innervation (2)

Answer 23

All innervated by obturator nerve, adductor magnus m. by sciatic n. as well

Question 24

Adductor Hiatus

Answer 24

Gap between distal part of adductor magnus and femur/muscles that allows femoral a. and v. to pass from anterior surface to post. to pass around back of knee (and change names to popliteal)

Question 25

3 Posterior Thigh Muscles

Answer 25

Biceps femoris m. Semitendinous m. Semimembranous m.

Question 26

Innervation of Posterior Thigh Muscles

Answer 26

Sciatic nerve

Question 27

Semimembranous m.

Answer 27

Runs medially to biceps femoris long head

Question 28

Semitendinous m.

Answer 28

Runs kinda of on top of semimembranous, long tendon

Question 29

Biceps femoris m. (2)

Answer 29

Has long head running from ischial tuberosity crossing both joints, and short head running from linea aspera more laterally and only crossing knee joint

Question 30

3 Cutaneous Innervations of Thigh

Answer 30

Lateral, anterior, and posterior femoral cutaneous n.s

Question 31

Anterior Thigh Blood Source

Answer 31

Femoral artery

Question 32

6 Branches off Femoral Artery

Answer 32

``` Superficial circumflex iliac a. Superficial epigastric a. Superficial and deep external pudendal a.s Profunda femoris a. Descending genicular a. ```

Question 33

Descending genicular a.

Answer 33

(One of) last branch(es) of femoral a. just before it goes through adductor hiatus; comes off and supplies knee

Question 34

3 Branches of Profunda Femoris

Answer 34

``` Medial and lateral femoral circumflex a.s Perforating branches (4) ```

Question 35

Perforating branches of profunda femoris

Answer 35

Pierce adductor magnus as profunda femoris a. passes along it and travel posteriorly to supply posterior thigh muscles

Question 36

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Answer 36

Come off of femoris a. superiorly, travel around and anastomose w/ descending branch of inferiorly gluteal a. and ascending 1st perforating artery to form cruciate anastomosis

Question 37

Cruciate Anastomosis

Answer 37

Connection b/w external and internal iliacs: medial and lateral femoral circumflex a.s, inferior gluteal a., and 1st perforating a.

Question 38

Obturator artery

Answer 38

Anterior and posterior branches, supplies medial thigh

Question 39

Posterior Thigh Blood Supply (2)

Answer 39

Medial femoral circumflex a. | Perforating branches of profunda femoris a.

Question 40

4 Borders of Femoral Triangle

Answer 40

Sup: Inguinal ligament Medial: Adductor longus m. Lat: Sartorius m. Floor: Iliopsoas m. and pectineus m.

Question 41

4 Contents of Femoral Triangle

Answer 41

Femoral nerve (lateral) Femoral artery Femoral vein (median) Femoral sheath

Question 42

Femoral Sheath

Answer 42

Extension of iliac fascia dragged by external iliac a. and v. as they descend into thigh

Question 43

3 Compartments of Femoral Sheath (and their contents)

Answer 43

Lateral: femoral a. Intermediate: femoral v. Medial: femoral canal - fat and lymphatics

Question 44

5 Boundaries of Popliteal Fossa

Answer 44

Superolateral - Biceps femoris m. Superomedial - Semimembranous and semintendinous m.s Inferolateral - Gastrocnemius m., lateral head Inferiomedial - Gastrocnemius m., medial head Floor - Popliteal surface of femur, oblique popliteal ligament and popliteus m.

Question 45

7 Components of Knee Joint

Answer 45

``` Patellar ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Fibular Collateral Ligament (LCL) Tibial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Medial and Lateral Meniscus ```

Question 46

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Path

Answer 46

Posterior superior to anterior inferior, from anterior aspect of tibia to lateral condyle of femur

Question 47

2 Actions of ACL

Answer 47

Prevents anterior translation of tibia/posterior translation of femur, also checks medial rotation

Question 48

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Path

Answer 48

Anterior superior to posterior inferior, runs from posterior aspect of tibia to anterior aspect of medial condyle of femur

Question 49

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Action

Answer 49

Prevent posterior translation of tibia or anterior translation of femur

Question 50

Fibular Collateral Ligament Path

Answer 50

Lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula

Question 51

Fibular Collateral Ligament Action

Answer 51

Checks verus stresses/provides lateral stability

Question 52

Tibial Collateral Ligament Path (2)

Answer 52

Medial femoral epicondyle to medial condyle of tibia | Connected to medial meniscus

Question 53

TIbial Collateral Ligament Action

Answer 53

Checks valgus stresses/provides medial support

Question 54

Medial Meniscus

Answer 54

C-shaped Fibrocartilage lying between medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle to act as shock absorber

Question 55

Lateral Meniscus

Answer 55

Circular-shaped Fibrocartilage lying between lateral femoral condyle and lateral tibial condyle to serve as shock absorber

Question 56

Terrible Triad (what it is and cause)

Answer 56

Tear/injury to ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus, caused by blow to postero-lateral aspect of tibia when foot is planted and knee locked/slightly flexed