Thoracic Limb Locomotion Flashcards by Trenni Jefferson

Mammae on a dog

Varies from 8-12
Thoracic (2 pairs)
Abdominal (2 pairs)
Inguinal (1 pair)

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Which mammae do pups nurse from?

The caudal six mammae because they have the best secretion

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Which pairs of mammae are frequently involved in tumors and mastitis?

The caudal 3 pairs

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What tissue masses are palpable from the skin surface?

Infiltrate lipoma

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Lumpectomy

Removal of a mass or part of a mamma

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Simple Mastectomy

Excision of an entire gland

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Regional Mastectomy

Life threatening
An excision of the involved adjacent glands

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Venipuncture

Withdrawing blood or injection

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What are the important sites for venipuncture

Cephalic vein (inject anesthesia)
Extra jugular veins

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Where should you NEVER take blood?

Arteries

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Extrinsic muscles

At least one attachment is external (axial skeleton)
Slings the body between the forelimbs
Joins the forelimb to the trunk forming syncarcosis
Stabilize the scapula

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Intrinsic muscles

Both attachments are internal to limb bones

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Retraction

Bring back
Beginning of stride
All joints flexed

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Protraction

Bring forward
All joints extended
End of stride

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Where is the superficial servical lymph node located?

Medial to the omotransversarius

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What happens when the Axillary L. node is enlarged?

The limb is protracted (brought forward)

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Superficial layer of the thoracic limb

Trapezius
Omotransversarius
Brachiocephalicus
Deep pectoral
Superficial pectoral
Latissimus dorsi

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Deep Layer of Thoracic Limb

Rhomboideus
Serratus Ventralis
Deep Pectoral

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What is occasionally torn within the thoracic limb?

Serratus ventralis on the scapula is torn by injury

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What are the lateral group of intrinsic muscles?

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

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Clinical significance of the infraspinatus

Tendon and bursa is a “seat of painful inflammation”
The belly is suitable for I/M injection

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What muscle is considered the synergist of the shoulder joint?

Infraspinatus
it helps extend and flex

What are the medial group of intrinsic muscles?

Subscapularis
Coracobrachialis
A: stabilize the joint/ support

What are the caudal muscles of the intrinsic muscles?

Deltoideus
Teres major
Teres minor
A: flexors

What is the primary flexor of the caudal group of the shoulder joint?

Deltoideus

What is the strongest flexor of the shoulder?

Latissimus Dorsi

Shoulder Joint puncture

Arthrocentesis : Pass the needle midway between acromiom and greater tubercle through the deltoideus

What is the tendon of biceps brachii covered by?

Transverse humeral retinaculum

Intertubercular Bursa

Joint capsule that envelops the tendon of the biceps brachii

What is the luxation of the shoulder joint rare?

No clavicle connection with the trunk entire joint "rides" with the blow Supporting tendons

Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)

Erosion of the articular cartilage of head of the humerus Common with giant, rapidly growing breeds of dogs

Diagnosis of OCD

Later radiograph of shoulder region #13 slough off cartilage When extending the shoulder, dog in pain

Fractures of the ______ are very common

Humerus

What do you use to repair fracture of the shaft?

Intramedullary pin, it's driven to immobilize fracture of the body

Extensor group of the muscles acting on the elbow

Triceps brachii Tensor fascia antebrachii Anconeus

What is the agonist of the muscles acting on the elbow?

Triceps brachii

What important structures are on the triceps brachii?

Tricipital bursa (between the tendon and bone) Subcutaneous bursa (most painful, under the skin)

Flexor group of the muscles acting on the elbow joint

Biceps brachii Brachialis

What important structures are of the biceps brachii?

Transverse humoral retinaculum Intertubercular Bursa

Brachialis is the ______ of the biceps brachii

Synergist

Brachialis is the ______ of the triceps brachii

Antagonist

How is the elbow joint punctured?

Cranial to the lateral collateral ligament Needle is directed distally and caudomedially

Diagnosis of degenerative joint disease

Decreased ranged of flexion motion

What is DJD measured with?

Goniometer (put on humerus and radial/ ulna)

Surgical approach to elbow joint

Incision through the skin, s/c tissue over caudal proximal ulna Elevate the flexor carpi ulnaris and DDF medially and ulnari lateralis laterally to expose the bone

What do the extensors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?

Extensor action on the carpus joint Craniolateral position on the forearm Origin from lateral epicondyle of humerus Supplied by the same nerve

What are the extensor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?

Extendsor carpi radialis ulnaris lateralis Abductor pollicis longus Common digital extensor Lateral digital extensor

What are the flexor muscles acting on the carpal and digital joints?

Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Superficial digital flexor Deep digital flexor

What do the flexors acting on the carpal and digital joint have in common?

Flexor action on the carpus joint Caudal position on forearm Origin from medial epicondyle of humerus Supplied by the same nerve `

What fractures are the MOST common on the thoracic limb?

Fractures of the radius

Surgical exposure of the radial diaphysis....

is by retracting the extensor carpi radialis laterally

Declawing

Onychectomy Removal of the 3rd "distal" phalanx

What is the agonist for the extension of the elbow

Triceps Brachii

How many mammary glands are in a queen?