Thorax 3 - Internal Heart

Question 1

What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Answer 1

Tri-cuspid

Question 2

What is the name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Answer 2

Bi-cuspid/Mitral

Question 3

Name the valve present at the opening of the aorta and state how many cusps there are.

Answer 3

Semi-lunar valve - aortic valve

3 cusps

Question 4

Through which structure does deoxygenated blood pass through when passing from the heart muscle to the right atrium?

Answer 4

Coronary sinus

Question 5

What is the function of the foramen ovale in an embryo?

Answer 5

So that blood can pass straight from the right atrium to the left atrium

Question 6

What does the foramen oval develop into upon birth?

Answer 6

Fossa Ovalis

Question 7

During systole, what is the role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendiniae?

Answer 7

Prevent cusp eversion

Question 8

How are the cusps opened?

Answer 8

Pressure exerted by the blood

Question 9

Where are the origins of the right & left coronary arteries?

Answer 9

Right and left cusps (not posterior) of the aortic valve

Question 10

What separates the atria and the ventricles

Answer 10

Fibrous muscle

Question 11

What is the myocardium?

Answer 11

The heart muscle

Question 12

What is the endocardium?

Answer 12

The endothelium that lines the chambers and valves of the heart

Question 13

What is the pericardium?

Answer 13

The heart wall

Question 14

Name the 3 vessels/structures that bring deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

Answer 14

SVC
IVC
Coronary sinus

Question 15

Name some features of the anterior right atrial wall.

Answer 15

Trabeculation
Auricle
Musculi pectinati
Crista terminalis

Question 16

What is the crista terminalis?

Answer 16

The border which separates the ridged from the smooth section of the atria

Question 17

What is the limbus fossa ovalis?

Answer 17

The rim around the fossa ovalis

Question 18

What are the musculi pectinati?

Answer 18

Muscular ridges which arise from the crista terminalis

Question 19

Between which two chambers does the foramen ovale (embryo) or fossa ovalis (post natal), lie?

Answer 19

Right atrium & Left atrium

Question 20

What type of trabecula is present in the walls of the right ventricle?

Answer 20

Septomarginal trabecula

Question 21

How many papillary muscles are present in between right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

Describe active competence.

Answer 22

The papillary muscles and chordae tendineae prevent cusp eversion during systole

Question 23

What are the three tri-cuspid valve cusps called?

Answer 23

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

Question 24

What is the relationship between papillary muscles, chordae tendineae and the cusps?

Answer 24

Each papillary muscle sends 2 chordae tendineae to each cusp

Question 25

What is the function of the musculi pectinati?

Answer 25

Provide some power of contraction in the atria

Question 26

What are the names given to the 3 papillary muscles and the 3 cusps at the tricuspid valve?

Answer 26

Anterior Posterior Septal

Question 27

What is the septomarginal trabecular also known as?

Answer 27

The moderator band

Question 28

What is the role of the papillary muscles and the chordae tendinae?

Answer 28

Prevent cusp eversion during systole

Question 29

What are the names given to the 3 cusps at the pulmonary semi-lunar valves?

Answer 29

Right Left Anterior (coronary)

Question 30

What are the names given to the 3 cusps at the aortic semi-lunar valves?

Answer 30

Right Left Posterior (non-coronary)

Question 31

What is passive competence?

Answer 31

No contraction of any papillary muscles, but due to elastic recoil in the pulmonary trunk and aorta. A pressure difference causes the blood to get between the cusp and wall, forcing the cusps closed (semi-lunar valves)

Question 32

Why does the wall of each ventricle becomes smooth near its outflow?

Answer 32

To create laminar blood flow into the pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 33

Describe the relationship of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta with regard to location and connections.

Answer 33

Pulmonary lies inferior to the aortic arch and is liked to the aorta via the ligamentum arteriosum

Question 34

What are the names of the 4 pulmonary veins?

Answer 34

Superior Inferior Right Left

Question 35

Where can the auricle be found on the left atrium?

Answer 35

Left cardiac surface

Question 36

Blood enters the LV via the...

Answer 36

Aortic vestibule

Question 37

What are the two cusps of the mitral valve?

Answer 37

Anterior | Posterior

Question 38

What is active competence?

Answer 38

Use of papillary muscles to prevent eversion (atrioventricular valves)

Question 39

Aortic sinuses give rise to the coronary arteries. Where can the aortic sinuses be found?

Answer 39

Just superior to the right and left cusps of the aortic semi-lunar valve

Question 40

What is the function of the cardiac (fibrous) skeleton?

Answer 40

This supports valves and myocardium and importantly, it electrically separates the atria from the ventricles.

Question 41

What is the only route of conduction between atria and ventricles?

Answer 41

Bundle of His

Question 42

What causes the 1st heart sound at the start of systole?

Answer 42

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 43

What causes the 2nd heart sound at the end of systole?

Answer 43

Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 44

Where can the mitral valve be ascultated?

Answer 44

Apex - 5th left intercostal space, mid clavicular line

Question 45

Where can the tricuspid valve be ascultated?

Answer 45

4th or 5th left intercostal space, just left of sternum

Question 46

Where can the aortic valve be ascultated?

Answer 46

2nd right intercostal space

Question 47

Where can the pulmonary valve be ascultated?

Answer 47

2nd left intercostal space

Question 48

List the corners of the heart.

Answer 48

5th left intercostal space, mid clavicular line 6th right CC 3rd right CC 2nd left CC