Thrombosis & Embolism Flashcards

1
Q

What does thrombosis usually form due to?

A
  • Damage to a blood vessel wall
  • Abnormal blood flow
  • Abnormal blood composition
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2
Q

What is Virchow’s triad?

A

Describes the three broad categories that are thought to contribute to thrombosis

  • Stasis of blood flow
  • Vessel wall injury
  • Hypercoagulability
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3
Q

Describe the progression of thrombus…

A
  • Platelets are deposited on damaged endothelium
  • Covered by layers of fibrin
  • RBCs may get tangled up in the clot
  • May develop in layers
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4
Q

How can thrombi be classified?

A
  • Size

- Appearance & Physical characteristics

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5
Q

How are thrombi classified on size?

A
  • Large vessel thrombosis
    • deep vein
    • coronary vessel
  • Microvascular thrombosis
    • septicaemia in meningitis
    • disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
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6
Q

How are thrombi classified on appearance and physical characteristics…

A
  • Colour
    • red thrombi
    • pale thrombi
  • Components
    • platelets
    • fibrin
  • Occlusion
    • partial or full vessel obstruction
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7
Q

What are the sequelae of thrombosis?

A

The clot undergoes

  • Lysis
  • Recanalisation
  • Organisation

Or becomes:
- Detached as an embolism

Or if it stays attached but doesn’t break down
- Ischaemia & Infarction can occur

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8
Q

Describe Ante mortem thrombi…

A
  • Attached to the vessel wall
  • Not the shape of the vessel
  • Rough and stringy
  • Red/ grey
  • Layers
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9
Q

Describe Post mortem clots…

A
  • Not attached to vessel wall
  • In the mould of the vessel
  • Smooth & glistening
  • Dark red or gelatinous yellow
  • No layering
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10
Q

What is an embolism?

A

An abnormal mass circulating in the blood stream

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11
Q

What is a thromboembolism?

A
  • Bits of thrombus break off and circulate
  • These bits get stick
  • Causes ischaemia and infarction
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12
Q

What are the different types of embolism?

A
  • Thromboembolism
  • Gas embolism
  • Fat embolism
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