Thyroid Flashcards
The thyroid is an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic function through the production of_________, __________, and __________ hormones.
thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:
5 cm length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth.
The thyroid gland consists of ________ lobes.
Two.
(The thyroid gland consists of the right and left lobes connected across the midline by the thin bridge of thyroid tissue called the isthmus.)
The pyramid lobe of the thyroid gland extends from the __________________.
superior isthmu
The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by:
isthmus
_________, __________, and __________, structures form neighboring structures for the thyroid gland.
longus colli muscle
strap muscles
sternocleidomastoid muscle
_____________ structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?
Larynx
The thyroid gland develops at the floor of_________
Primitive pharynx
(The thyroid gland develops at the floor of the primitive pharynx at the same location of the base of the tongue. The developing thyroid gland migrates inferiorly along the anterior neck region to the lower neck anteriorly to the trachea.)
Common disorders associated with hyperthyroidism include _________, __________, and ___________.
toxic adenoma
toxic multinodular goiter
Grave’s disease
The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is
Iodine deficiency
___________ sonographic features of a thyroid adenoma is the most common.
Hypoechoic peripheral halo
(Adenomas have a broad spectrum of ultrasound appearances with a relatively consistent hypoechoic peripheral halo.)
Usually _______ parathyroid glands exist.
4
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that affects the________
kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract.
The normal parathyroid glands are located on the ____________ and the ____________ surface of the thyroid gland.
posterior; medial
The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is________
Parathyroid adenoma
A solitary thyroid nodule in the presence of ipsilateral lymphadenopathy suggests_________
Follicular carcinoma
__________ structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland?
Longus colli muscle
(Structures lying posterolateral to the thyroid gland include the carotid sheath (carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve) and the longus colli muscle.)
A ___________ is a palpable anterior midline mass between the hyoid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.
thyroglossal duct cyst
The most common cause of thyroid malignancy is _____________ carcinoma.
papillary
Increased vascularity with color Doppler, termed the thyroid inferno, is observed in ___________________.
Graves’ disease
(The overactivity of the thyroid gland in Graves’ disease is manifested in the color Doppler image. This increase in vascular flow is termed the thyroid inferno.)
Hyperfunction of all parathyroid glands with no apparent cause occurs with__________
Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands
A cystic formation located lateral to the thyroid gland in the neck is________
Branchial cleft cyst
T or F
The thyroid gland is supplied by four arteries and considered highly vascular.
True
(four arteries: the superior thyroid arteries (branches of the external carotid arteries) and the inferior thyroid arteries (branches of the thyrocervical trunk).
An abnormal lymph node demonstrates ___________
Round contour
