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ABD class 2 > Thyroid Powerpoint > Flashcards

Thyroid Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid gland length

A

4-6 cm

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2
Q

Thyroid gland AP

A

2-3 cm

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3
Q

Throid gland width

A

2 cm

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4
Q

Isthmus diameter

A

4-6 mm

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5
Q

Thyroid in relations with trachea

A

lateral

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6
Q

Thyroid in relations with esophagus and cervical spine

A

anterior

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7
Q

Thyroid in relations with IJV and carotid artery

A

medial

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8
Q

Pyramidal Lobe

A

a normal variant extending superior to the isthmus May be seen in pediatric but usually atrophies in the adult present in 15 to 30% of thyroids

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9
Q

Vascular Supply

A

right and left superior thyroid arteries and inferior thyroid arteries

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10
Q

First branch off the ECA

A

right and left superior thyroid arteries

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11
Q

Venous Drainage

A

superior and middle thyroid veins into the jugular vein and the inferior thyroid veins into the inominate vein

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12
Q

Strap Muscles

A

thin sonolucent bands along the anterior surface of thyroid Sternohyoid Omohyoid Sternothyroid

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle location

A

anterolaterally to thyroid

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14
Q

Common Carotid artery and internal jugular vein location

A

lateral to thyroid glands

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15
Q

Longus collie muscle

A

Posterior to the thyroid wedge-shaped sonolucent structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Esophagus is usually hidden because of what

A

Trachea

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17
Q

Minor neurovascular bundle location

A

posterior to thyroid

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18
Q

Parathyroid location

A

posterior to thyroid

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19
Q

Thyroid gland function

A

Endocrine gland T3 T4 CALCITONIN

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20
Q

The production and releae of the thyroid hormones are under the control of

A

TSH

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21
Q

What is TSH produced by

A

anterior pituitary gland which is located in the brain

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22
Q

Hormones affects

A

Metabolic rate Body’s growth and development Heart and blood vessel functions Brain function Behavior

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23
Q

Calcitonin is important for

A

calcium metabolism

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24
Q

Euthyroid

A

state in which the thyroid is producing the right amount of thyroid hormone

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25
When does hyperthroidism occur
increased production of T-3 and T-4
26
Hyperthyroidism results in
Thyroid enlargement Increased metabolic rate Weight loss Nervousness
27
Thyroid Storm
acute situation with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, usually precipitated by infection or surgery
28
Hyperthyroidism may be life threatening because
of resulting hyperthermia, tachycardia, heart failure and delirium
29
Sonographic Appearance of hyperthyroidism
Hypoechoic with diffuse enlargement without palpable nodules Doppler shows increased vascularity (thyroid inferno)
30
Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis)
inflammation of thyroid causing swelling and tenderness due to infection
31
Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis) is caused by
caused by infection or autoimmune disorder
32
Diffuse thyroid disease (Thyroiditis) sonographic appearance
enlarged and hypoechoic
33
De Quervain’s (sub acute granulamatous)
usually viral diffuse enlargement tenderness/mild to severe transient hyperthyroidism
34
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
goitrous from of autoimmune thyroiditis-(chronic) a. Most common form b. auto-immune- chronic inflammation c. diffuse enlargement possibly asymmetric d. painless/ may develop mild pain over time e. eventual hypothyroidism f. more prevalent in women
35
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Sonopgraphic appearance
a. possibly hypoechoic/normal echo texture b. thick fibrous strands c. Color flow variable can be increased or decreased vascularity with color doppler
36
Hypothroidism occurs when theres a
decreased production of T-3 and T-4
37
Hypothyroidism may be caused by
thyroid failure, or abnormalites of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
38
Hypothyroidsm for adults
thick skin,puffy face,course hair, husky voice
39
Hypothyroidsm for infants and children
decreased physical and mental growth
40
Hypothyroidism with a normal functioning pituitary and hypothalmus
increased TSH decreased T4/T3
41
Hyperthyroidism with a normal functioning pituitary and hypothalmus
decreased TSH increased T4/T3
42
Nuclear medicine
Differentiates between hyperfunctioning “hot”nodules and hypofuntioning “cold” nodules. “Cold” nodules have a higher risk of malignancy
43
Indications for exam
Palpable enlargement Abnormal thyroid hormone level (s) Palpable mass in neck/thyroid Swelling of the neck Asymmetry of neck Redness and/or tenderness
44
Normal gland is
homogenous with fine echogenicity
45
Multinodular goiter
most common abnormality, most common in females age 50-70 Appears as an enlarged, heterogenous
46
Follicular adenomas
benign, usually single tumors Appears as a well defined hypoechoic mass 50% will have a halo or ring surrounding
47
Endemic goiter
due to low iodine intake Low T-3 and T-4 levels. More prevelant in females during puberty Uncommon in the US
48
Graves Disease
autoimmune disorder which produces hyperthyoidism Protruding eyeballs, thickening of the skin on the feet Appears as a diffusely enlarged thyroid Increased color doppler due to overactivity of the gland
49
Graves Disease: Sonographic appearance
heterogenous gland, increased color flow “thyroid inferno”
50
Graves Disease: Clinical Findings
hypermetabolism, diffuse toxic goiter, exopthalamos
51
Graves Disease: more common in what gender and age Hyperthyroidism
women over 30
52
Malignant
papillary, follicular, medullary
53
Tumor characteristics
may be isoechoic, hypoechoic, cystic or solid
54
Risk of malignancy decreases when
multiple nodules are present
55
FNA is necessary for
definitive diagnosis
56
Parathyroid
4 glands 2 superior 2 inferior
57
Parathyroid secretes
PTH (parathormone) which maintains the proper calcium levels in the blood
58
Thyroglossal duct cyst
congenital,benign cysts located within the midline of the neck superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone Asymptomatic, although may become painful when inflammed
59
Branchial cleft cysts
benign congenital cysts found most often near the angle of the mandible
60
Cervical Lymph nodes
Enlargement termed lymphadenopathy Greater than 1cm (Beth says 2cm) Can result from infections and malignancies May lose their normal hilar features and contain calcifications
61
Thyroid FNA’s
Performed by Radiologist Guided by ultrasound Cells read by Pathologist Results to endocrinologist
62
Disorder associated with hyperthyroidism
diffuse toxic hyperplasia (Graves Disease) Toxic Multinodular Goiter Toxic Adenoma makes up 99% of cases
63
Nontoxic Simple Goiter Clinical Findings
Thyroid enlargement
64
Nontoxic Simple Goiter Sonographic Appearance
sometimes smooth, sometime nodular possible compressoin of surrounding tissue
65
Nontoxic Simple Goiter Differential Considerations
Thyroidism Hypothyroidism Neoplasm
66
Toxic Multinodular Goiter Clinical Findings
Thyroid Enlargment
67
Toxic Multinodular Goiter Sonographic Appearance
enlarged inhomogeneous gland can have focal scarring, focal ischemia, necrosis, and cyst formation
68
Toxic Multinodular Goiter Differential Consideration
Neoplasm Cyst
69
Graves Disease Clinical Findings
Diffuse toxic goiter
70
Graves Disease Sonographic Findings
Diffusely homogeneous and enlarge
71
Graves Disease Differential Consideration
Neoplasm Ophthalmopathy Cutaneous manifestation Hyperthyroidism
72
Thyroidism Clinical Findings
swelling and tenderness of thyroid later hypthyroidism
73
Thyroidism Sonographic Appearacne
homogeneous enlargement with nodularity later inhomogeneous
74
Thyroidism Differential Consideration
Neoplasm
75
Cyst Clinical Findings
solitary nodule or multiple nodule
76
Cyst Sonographic Appearance
Anechoic areas, echogenic fluid, or moving fluid levels1
77
Cyst Differential Consideration
Toxic multinodular goiter
78
Adenoma Clinical Findings
Usually euthyroid or hyperthyroid
79
Adenoma Sonographic Appearance
Compression of adjacent structure fibrous encapsulation ranges from anechoic to hyperechoic may have a halo
80
Adenoma Differential Consideration
Grave's Disease

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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