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ABD class 2 > Thyroid Workbook > Flashcards

Thyroid Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone important for maintaining a dense, strong bone matrix and regulating the blood calcium level

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2
Q

euthyroid

A

refers to a normal functioning thyroid gland

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3
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

over secretion of thyroid hormones

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4
Q

hypophosphatasia

A

low phosphate level associated with hyperparathyroidism

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5
Q

hypothyroidism

A

undersecretion of thyroid hormones

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6
Q

isthmus

A

small piece of thyroid tissue that connects the right and left lobe of the gland

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7
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

hormone secreted by by parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium levels

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8
Q

longus colli muscle

A

wedge shaped muscle posterior to the thyroid lobes

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9
Q

pyramidal lobe

A

present in small percentage of patients; extends superiorly from the isthmus

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10
Q

serum calicum

A

laboratory value that is elevated with hyperparathyroidism

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11
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

large muscle anterolateral to thyroid

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12
Q

strap muscle

A

group of three musles (sternothyroid, sternohyiod, and omohyoid) that lies anterior to the thyroid

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13
Q

TSH

A

hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete T3 and T4

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14
Q

brachial cleft cyst

A

remnant of embryonic development that appears as acyst in the neck

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15
Q

fine needle aspiration

A

use of a fine gauge needle to obtain cells from a mass

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16
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

disorder associated with elevated serum calcium level, usually cause by a benign parathyroid adenoma

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17
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disorder characterized by a localized or generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes or lymph vessels

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18
Q

primary hyperparathyroidism

A

oversecretiong of parathyroid hormone, usually from a parathyroid adenoma

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19
Q

parathyroid hyperplasia

A

enlargement of multiple parathyroid glands

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20
Q

secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

enlargement of parathyroid gland in patients with renal failure or vitamin D deficiency

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21
Q

adenoma

A

benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation

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22
Q

anaplastic carcinoma

A

rare, undifferentiated carcinoma occurring in middle age

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23
Q

follicular carcinoma

A

occurs as a solitay malignant mass within the thyroid gland

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24
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of the thyroid gland that can be focal or diffuse; multiple nodules may be present

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25
Q

Grave’s Disease

A

Autoimmune disorder characterized by a diffuse toxic goiter, bulging eyes, and cutaneous manifestations

26
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by the formation of antibodies against normal thyroid tissue

27
Q

medullary carcinoma

A

Neoplastic growth that accounts for 10% of thyroid malignancies

28
Q

mirocalcification

A

tiny echogenic foci within a nodule that may or may not shadow

29
Q

multinodular goiter

A

nodular enlargement of the thyroid associated with hyperthyroidism

30
Q

nodular hyperplasia

A

degenerative nodules withing the thyroid

31
Q

papillary carcinoma

A

most common form of thyoird malignancy

32
Q

subacute (de Quervain’s) thyroiditis

A

viral infection of the thyroid that causes inflammation

33
Q

thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid

34
Q

The thyroid straddles the trachea anteriorly, whereas the paired lobes extend on either side bounded laterally by the _______ arteries and ______ vein.

A

carotid; jugular

35
Q

Along the anterior surface of the thyroid gland lie the _____ muscles,including the sternothyoird, omohyoid, sternohyoid, and sternocleidomastoid.

A

strap

36
Q

The parathyroid glands are normally located on the ________ surface of the thyroid gland.

A

posterior

37
Q

The parathyroid glands are the _________ organs in the body.

A

calcium-sensing

38
Q

The parathyroid glands produce _____ and monitor the serum calcium feed back mechanism.

A

PTH

39
Q

When the serum calcium level ______, the parathyroid glands are stimulated to release PTH.

A

decrease

40
Q

PTH acts on _____, ______, and intestine to enchance calcium absorption.

A

bone; kidneys

41
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by ________, hypercalciuria, and low levels of phosphate.

A

hypercalcemia

42
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs when increase amounts of PTH are produced by an _______ primary hyperplasia, or rarely carcinoma located in the parathyroid gland.

A

adenoma

43
Q

A chronic hypocalceia caused by renal failure, vitamin D deficiency (rickets), pr malabsorption syndromes is _______ hyperparathyroidism

A

secondary

44
Q

The thyroid gland is the part of the endocrine system that maintains body ________, ________, and ________ through the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones.

A

metabolism; growth; development

45
Q

Theses homormones include _______, _____, and ______

A

T3; T4; Calcitonin

46
Q

The mechanism for producing thyroid hormones is ____ metabolism.

A

iodine

47
Q

When the body needs thyroid hormone, it is not the bloodstream by the action of thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (_____), which is produced by the pituitary gland.

A

TSH

48
Q

The secretion of TSH is regulated by hypothyroid-releasing factor, which is produced by the _______.

A

pituitary gland

49
Q

The concentration of calcium in the blood is decreased by _____, which first acts on the bone to inhibit its breakdown.

A

Calcitonin

50
Q

Low intake of iodine (goiter) in the body may cause either _______, or the inability of the thyroid to produce the proper amount of thyroid hormone, or a problem in the pituitary gland that does not control the thyroid production.

A

hypothyroidism

51
Q

The metabolic rate is dramatically increase _______, clinical signs include weight loss, increased appetite, high degree of nervous energy, tremor, excessive, sweating, heat intolerance, and palpitations and many patients show sings of exophthalmos (protruding eyes)

A

hyperthyroidism

52
Q

How the thyroid is functioning is evaluated by __________.

A

nuclear medicine

53
Q

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is a _______, which is often visible on the anterior neck.

A

goiter

54
Q

One of the most common forms of thyroid disease is _________.

A

multinodular goiter

55
Q

____________ is characterized by these findings: hypermetabolism, diffuse toxic goiter, exophthalmos (inflammatory infiltration of the orbital tissue resulting in proptosis, or bulging of the eyes), and cutaneous manifestation (thickening of the dermis of the pretibial areas and the dorsum of the feet).

A

Grave’s Disease

56
Q

A benign thyroid neoplasm characterized by complete fibrous encapsulation is an ______.

A

adenoma

57
Q

The most common of the thyroid malignancies is ____________ of the thyroid and is the preponderant cause of thyroid cancer in children.

A

papillary cancer

58
Q

The normal glad has a fine _______ echotexture that is more echogenic than the surrounding muscle structures.

A

homogenous

59
Q

A normal lymph node is oval in shape with a ________ texture with a central core echo complex.

A

homogeneous

60
Q

The __________ muscle is posterior and lateral to each thyroid lobe and appears as a hypoechoic triangular structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae.

A

longus colli

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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