Tissues

Question 1

Plant tissues are created by ___

Answer 1

meristems

Question 2

2 types of meristems

Answer 2

Apical meristem

Lateral meristem

Question 3

Apical meristem

location? purpose?

Answer 3

Tips of roots and shoots

Lengthening

Question 4

Lateral meristem purpose

Answer 4

Widening

Question 5

2 types of lateral meristems

Answer 5

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

Question 6

Vascular cambium purpose

Answer 6

Vascular tissues and support

Question 7

Cork cambium purpose
Only found in __ plants
Makes ___ - protection and vascular tissues

Answer 7

Woody plants only

Makes bark - protection and vascular tissues

Question 8

Simple tissues

Answer 8

1 cell type

Question 9

Parenchyma characteristics

How many sides? shape? alive/dead at maturity? lifespan?

Answer 9

Regular plant cell
Approximately 14 sides
Spherical
Alive at maturity, long lived
Can do mitosis

Question 10

3 specialized types of parenchyma

Answer 10

Aerenchyma
Chlorenchyma
Storage parenchyma

Question 11

Aerenchyma purpose

Answer 11

Air space / hold gas

Help aquatic plants float

Question 12

Chlorenchyma purpose

Answer 12

Photosynthetic tissue

Chloroplasts

Question 13

Storage parenchyma purpose

Answer 13

Storage

Empty space

Question 14

Collenchyma characteristics

Thickness? shape? purpose? example?

Answer 14

Thicker but UNEVEN cell walls
Long
Support and flexibility
ex. Celery strings

Question 15

Where is collenchyma located?

Answer 15

Under epidermis

Question 16

Is collenchyma alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 16

Alive

Question 17

Sclerenchyma characteristics
Cell wall thickness?
Purpose?

Answer 17

Very thick cell walls

Support and protection

Question 18

Is sclerenchyma alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 18

Dead

Question 19

2 types of sclerenchyma?

Answer 19

Sclereids

Fibers

Question 20

Sclereids characteristics

Cell name? Shape?

Answer 20

Stone cells

Spherical + hollow space

Question 21

Fibers characteristics

Cell shape? Strength?

Answer 21

Long, thin cells
Tough
ex. Cotton textiles

Question 22

Complex tissue definition

Answer 22

More than 1 cell type

Question 23

5 complex tissue types

Answer 23

Xylem
Phloem
Epidermis
Periderm
Secretory tissues

Question 24

Xylem purpose

Answer 24

Move water “up”

Question 25

3 types of xylem

Answer 25

Vessel element Tracheids Ray cells

Question 26

Vessel element characteristics | Plate type? Reinforcement type?

Answer 26

Perforated plates | Spirally reinforced

Question 27

Are vessel elements alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 27

Dead

Question 28

Tracheids characteristics __ than vessel element Are __ at each end What replaces secondary wall? purpose?

Answer 28

Narrower than vessel element Tapered at each end Pits - no secondary wall Pits act ass passage way between cells

Question 29

___ are repaired by torus

Answer 29

Tracheids

Question 30

Tracheids are alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 30

Dead

Question 31

Ray cell purpose

Answer 31

Lateral movement of water

Question 32

Are ray cells alive or dead at maturity

Answer 32

Alive

Question 33

Phloem purpose

Answer 33

Conduct carbohydrates down

Question 34

2 types of phloem

Answer 34

Sieve tube members | Companion cells

Question 35

``` Sieve tube members Purpose? ___ ___ at the end of these cells Clotting via ___ Organelles? ```

Answer 35

Conduct water and glucose from leaves to roots Sieve plates at the end of cells Clotting via calloses Lack organelles/structures to sustain life

Question 36

Are sieve tube members alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 36

Alive

Question 37

Companion cell purpose? Alive or dead at maturity?

Answer 37

Life's processes for sieve tube members need to stay alive | Alive

Question 38

Epidermis characteristics How many cells thick? Covered in __ Purpose?

Answer 38

Usually 1 cell thick Covered in cutin (a fat that forms cuticle) Gas exchange

Question 39

2 things epidermis may have

Answer 39

Root hairs | Trichomes

Question 40

Epidermis | Root hair purpose

Answer 40

Increase surface area

Question 41

Epidermis | Trichome purpose

Answer 41

Protection from pests and shade (overheating)

Question 42

Epidermis cutin/cuticle purpose

Answer 42

Protection from pathogens | Waterproofing

Question 43

How does plenty of water affect guard cells?

Answer 43

Swollen guard cells

Question 44

Plenty of water causes ___ to open and allows for gas exchange inside

Answer 44

Stoma

Question 45

Periderm replaces ___ in woody stems

Answer 45

Epidermis

Question 46

Periderm cells are covered in ___ on the outside of the cells. Purpose?

Answer 46

Covered in suberin (fatty substance) on the outside of cells | Reduces water loss

Question 47

2 things periderm protects against?

Answer 47

Freezing | Injury

Question 48

Periderm | Lenticels purpose

Answer 48

Parenchyma that gives access to air

Question 49

Secretory tissue is ___ parenchyma

Answer 49

Modified parenchyma

Question 50

Secretory tissue secretions

Answer 50

``` Resins Latex Sticky mucilage Nectar Scents Oils ```