Tissues- Practical Flashcards by Jannat Latif

Define the cell types in a squamous epithelial cell?

Large flattened cells
Abundant Cytoplasm
Small round nucleus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where are squamous epithelial cells found?

Air sacs in the lungs lining the heart, blood vessels and the lymphatic system.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?

Allows materials to pass through via diffusion and filtration and secretes lubricating substances.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What components exists within a cuboidal epithelial cells?

Nucleus
Lumen
Cytoplasm
Connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of cuboidal epithelial cells?

Absorption, secretion or excretion of waste materials.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where in the body is an example of cuboidal epithelial cells?

Ovaries and Kidneys

Ducts and secretory portion of small glands and kidney tubules.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general function of epithelial tissues?

They cover surfaces for diffusion recreation, protection act:

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are epithelial tissues made up of?

They have a basement membrane and extracellular material that has no blood vessels.
The basement membrane attaches the epithelial cells to the underlying tissues.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What components are within a pseudo-stratified epithelial cell in the trachea?

Basal cells
Basement membrane
Capillaries
Submucosa
Goblet cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why does pseudo-stratified cells appear striated?

Because of the nuclei of the epithelial cells are at different levels.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What components are made up in a white fibrous tissue?

Fibroblast nuclei
Collagen fibres
Fibroblast
Connective tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What role does the collagen fibres play in white fibrous tissue?

Provides strength and has a silvery white appearance

Used in ligaments, tendons and membranes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is connective tissue normally characterised as?

Large amounts of ECM that separate cells from each other, whereas epithelial tissue is mostly cells with little extracellular material.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What components are found in the liver reticulin stain?

Collagenous fibres
White blood cells 
Fibroblasts 
Hepatocyte nuclei 
type 3 collagen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define type 3 collagen?

Thin fibres which form delicate framework in the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, hemopoietic organs.
They support capillaries nerves and muscle cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is liver reticulin stain visible?

Its visible via silver stain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What components and organelles are present in non-strained muscle?

Surrounding connective tissue 
Single nucleus 
Venule
Mitochondria
Smooth muscle cells
Small arteriole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is non striated muscle described as?

FUSIFORM MUSCLE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What arrangement is non striated muscle in?

Longitudinal arrangment.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the general properties and functions of a non striated muscle?

Spindle shaped
No striations
Involuntary control
Found lining blood vessels, respiratory tract and digestive tract.

What cells are present in striated muscle?

Satellite cells 
myofibril 
capillaries
A BAND
I BAND
H BAND
Endomysium
Perimysium

What arrangement is striated muscle in?

Longitudinal

Within the striated muscle what shows alternative striations?

Myofibirils

Define perimysium in striated muscle ?

Connective tissue which surrounds a group of muscle called fasciles

Define endomysium in striated muscle?

Thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell

What is found within cardiac muscle?

Branched disks intercalated disks lipofuscin Nuclei

Properties and function of cardiac muscle?

Cardiac cells are do not contain cells equivalent to satellite cells of skeletal muscle muscle is striated and contains cardiomyocytes.

What arrangement is cardiac muscle in?

longitudinal

Within the human scalp, define and explain the components present?

Dermis- dense irregular connective tissue that supports the epidermis Hair- Shaft found at the centre of the hair follicle, it also contains a cortex and medulla surrounded by a cuticle Epidermis- Striated squamous Sebeacous Gland- Produces lipid rich secreation called sebrum that is released into the hair follicles. Arrector pilli muscle- Small muscles attached to hair follicles causing the hair to stand Eccrine sweat glands- Coiled tubular seat producing glands.

Where does scapulas hairs arise from?

Arise from hair follicles extending deep into the Demis | FORM CYLINDER CELLS

Where are adrenal glands located?

On top of the kidneys

Within the adrenal cortex it is made up of 3 components what are they?

- Stroma - Medulla - Cortex

Define the components in the stroma in the adrenal gland?

Capsule- enclosed within a thin layer of connective tissue Afferent blood vessels- penetrate the capsule and branch into sinusoids that supply the medulla and cortex.

What components are within the cortex in the adrenal gland?

Zona glomerlosa- Outer zone of glomerulus like cluster of cells secrete aldosterone. Cells have a central nucleus and lipid filled cytoplasm Zona Fasciulata- Middle Zone of 2 cells wide ventricle cords that secrete cortisol. Zona Reticularis- Inner Zone of one cell wide anatomising rows that secrete testosterone. Cells have a central nucleus and esonopulled cytoplasm Sinusoidal Capillaries- Rich network of capillaries

What components are within the medulla in the adrenal gland?

Chromathri cells- modified postganglionic sympathetic neurones that secrete echolamines Ganglion cells- Medullary vessels

What is the function fo adrenal glands

Produce variety of hormones that helps regulate metabolism and blood pressure.

Define the components in the stroma in the thymus gland?

Capsule- Enclosed in a thin layer of connective tissue Trabercuale- Connective tissue extends inwards from the capsule to partially outline irregular lobes.

Define the components in the parenchyma in the thymus gland?

Thyroid follicles- Where the thyroid hormones are stored Colloid- Lumen filled with gel like mass Follicular cells- Lined by simple cuboidal they secrete thyroid hormones when active. Capillaries Parafollicular cells- secrete calcforin

Define the pancreatic tissue?

Pancreatic islets are endocrine cells located within the pancreas. They secrete hormones (insulin and glucagon) important in the regulation of glucose in the blood.

What components are included in the pancreas?

Islets of langerhaus 1-4 ``` Contains 4 different types of endocrine cells Beta- secrete cells Alpha- secrete glucagon Delta- somasostatin PP- Secrete pancreatic polypeptide. ```

What type of gland is the pancreas

Endocrine and exocrine gland | They secrete digestive enzymes in the duodenum

Define the structure of endocrine cells in the pancreas?

Occur was irregular cords surrounded by fenestrated capillaries

What components are in the duodenum?

``` Mucosa Villi Goblet cells Crypts Submucosa ```

Define the liver?

Largest internal organ of the body

What is the principle cell in the liver?

Hepatocyte.

How are hepatocytes in the liver arranged in the liver/

Arranged in branching patterns separated by sinusoids. Filtering blood that comes from the digestive tract.

What organelles and components are within the liver?q

Central vein- Large venue and centre of the lobule Hepatocyte- Anastomising plates, 1 cell thick, radiate outwards from the central veins Portal triads- Corners of each lobes

What are the different portal triads in the liver?

Heaptic arterioles- supply O2 to sinosoids Portal venule- Supply nutrients rich blood from the GI tract to sinusoids Bile ducts - Drain bile from hepatocytes to periphery Lymphatic vessles

What is the order of structures fro veins and arteries

Tunica Intima- endothelium, C.T, elastic lamina Tunica Media- Smooth muscle Tunica Adventita- Dense irregular C.t