TOEFL - Set 8 Flashcards

(300 cards)

1
Q

formerly

A

adv. 从前/以前 (previously/once)

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2
Q

formidable

A

adj. 令人敬畏的/可怕的 (dreadful/frightening)

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3
Q

formula

A

n. 公式;规则

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4
Q

formulate

A

vt. 系统地阐述(或提出)

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5
Q

fort

A

n. 要塞/堡垒 (fortress/stronghold)

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6
Q

fortress

A

n. 要塞;城堡 (fort;castle)

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7
Q

fortify

A

vt. 加强/巩固

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8
Q

fortuitous

A

adj. 偶然的/意外的 (serendipitous/accidental/haphazard)

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9
Q

fortuitously

A

adv. 偶然地/意外地

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10
Q

fortunate

A

adj. 幸运的 (lucky)

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11
Q

fortune

A

n. 财富;运气 (treasure;luck)

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12
Q

misfortune

A

n. 不幸/灾祸

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13
Q

fossil

A

n. 化石;僵化的事物 (remnant)

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14
Q

fossilize

A

vt. 使成化石

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15
Q

fossilized

A

adj. 变成化石的

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16
Q

foster

A

vt. 鼓励/促进 (encourage/promote)
vt. 养育/抚养 (nurture/raise)

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17
Q

foul

A

adj. 污秽的/肮脏的 (disgusting/filthy)

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18
Q

founder

A

n. 创建者/创始人 (establisher/originator)

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19
Q

fraction

A

n. 小部分/少量 (segment/fragment)
n. 分数

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20
Q

refraction

A

n. 折光/折射 (deflection)

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21
Q

fracture

A

n. 骨折;破裂 (break/crack)
vt. 使破裂/断裂

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22
Q

fragment

A

n. 碎片/破片 (piece/fraction)

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23
Q

fragrant

A

adj. 香的/芬芳的 (aromatic/odorous)

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24
Q

fragrance

A

n. 芬芳/香味 (scent/aroma)

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25
framework
n. 构架;骨架 (structure;skeleton)
26
frame
n. 框架 vt. 加外框 vt. 提出/制定 (pose/formulate)
27
frank
adj. 坦白的/直率的 (honest/sincere/straightforward)
28
fray
vi. 磨损/磨破 (wear out/rub) n. 吵架/冲突 (quarrel/brawl)
29
freight
n. 货物/货运 (cargo/load) vt. 装货/运送 (load/carry)
30
freighter
n. 货车
31
frenetic
adj. 狂乱的/发狂的 (crazy/wild)
32
frenzy
n. 狂暴;狂怒 (madness/rage)
33
fresco
n. 壁画 vt. 作壁画于
34
freshly
adv. 新近/最近 (recently)
35
freshness
n. 新鲜;活力 (newness;vigor/liveliness)
36
friction
n. 摩擦 (abrasion/scraping) n. 冲突/不和 (discord/conflict)
37
frightening
adj. 令人恐惧的/引起突然惊恐的
38
frigid
adj. 寒冷的 (chilly/cold/icy) adj. 冷淡的 (unfriendly/cool)
39
fringe
n. 边缘;边界 (margin/periphery) adj. 边缘的 (marginal)
40
frivolity
n. 轻浮 (flippancy/levity)
41
from a far
从遥远的地方
42
frost
n. 霜;霜冻 (ice crystal) vi. 结霜 (ice/freeze)
43
defrost
vt. 解冻/将…除霜
44
frown
vi. 皱眉;不赞成/反对
45
frugal
adj. 节约的/节俭的 (sparing/economical/thrifty)
46
frugality
n. 节约/俭省
47
fruitful
adj. 硕果累累的;成功的 (productive/fertile;successful)
48
fruitfulness
n. 硕果累累;多产
49
fruitless
adj. 不结果实的/无收获的
50
fruitlessly
adv. 徒劳地 (in vain)
51
frustrate
v. 挫败/破坏 (disconcert/baffle) v. 使沮丧 (discourage/depress)
52
frustration
n. 挫败/挫折 (disappointment/failure)
53
frustrating
adj. 令人沮丧的
54
fume
n. 烟/气体 (gas/smoke)
55
perfume
n. 香味;香水 (scent/aroma/fragrance)
56
fumigate
vt. 烟熏;用香薰
57
functional
adj. 功能的;有用的 (useful/working)
58
malfunctional
adj. 多功能的
59
functioning
n. 运转/操作 (operation/manipulation)
60
fund
n. 资金;基金 (money/capital) vt. 提供资金 (finance/subsidize)
61
funding
n. 拨款 (appropriation)
62
fundamental
adj. 基础的/基本的 (basic/essential/primary)
63
fungi
n. (fungus的复数)真菌
64
furious
adj. 狂怒的;狂暴的 (angry;violent)
65
furnish
vt. 装备;提供 (provide/supply)
66
furnishing
n. (家庭中包含家具及其他)设备的总称 (supply/provision)
67
furniture
n. 家具
68
furry
adj. 毛皮的;盖着皮毛的 (hairy)
69
further
vt. 促进/增进 (advance) adj. 更多的/另外的 (additional/extra)
70
fuse
v. 熔合 (combine/blend)
71
fused
adj. 熔合在一起的
72
fusion
n. 核聚变 n. 熔化;联合 (union)
73
diffusion
n. 扩散/传播
74
infusion
n. 灌输
75
galaxy
n. 星系;银河
76
gallant
adj. (对女子)殷勤的;勇敢的/英勇的 (courtly/chivalrous)
77
gallantry
n. 勇敢 (bravery)
78
gallery
n. 画廊/美术馆
79
galvanize
vt. 通电流于;刺激/激起 (stimulate/invigorate)
80
gap
n. 裂口;缺口 (opening/crevice) n. 差距 (difference)
81
garb
n. 服装/装束 (costume/dress)
82
garbage
n. 垃圾/废物 (trash/rubbish/waste)
83
gaseous
adj. 气体的/气态的 (of gas/gas-like)
84
gasoline
n. 汽油 (petrol)
85
gauge
v. 测量/计量;评价/估计 (measure/judge) n. 量规/量表
86
gazette
n. 政府公报 (periodical)
87
gear
n. 齿轮/传动装置 v. 使适合/使一致
88
gem
n. 宝石/珠宝 (precious stone/jewel)
89
gemstone
n. 经雕琢的宝石 (jewel)
90
generalize
vt. 归纳/概括 (reach conclusion/infer/deduce)
91
generalization
n. 概括
92
generate
vt. 造成/产生 (make happen;produce) vt. 产卵 (spawn)
93
generous
adj. 慷慨的 (magnanimous) adj. 大量的 (rich/plentiful)
94
genesis
n. 起源/产生 (origin/beginning)
95
genetic
adj. 遗传的/起源的 (hereditary)
96
genetics
n. 遗传学 (heredity)
97
genetically
adv. 遗传上地
98
genial
adj. 和蔼可亲的 (friendly/cordial)
99
genre
n. 文学上的流派和体裁 (style/type)
100
gentility
n. 有教养/文雅 (politeness/refinement/elegance)
101
genuine
adj. 真正的/真实的;真诚的 (authentic/real/true)
102
germ
n. 细菌 (bacteria/microbe)
103
get rid of
摆脱;除去 (discard/dispose of/do away with/cast off)
104
get in the way of
阻挡
105
giant
n. 巨人/巨大的怪物 adj. 庞大的/巨大的 (enormous/large)
106
gibe
vi. 嘲弄/讥笑 (deride/mock)
107
gigantic
adj. 巨大的 (mammoth/huge)
108
gilding
n. 贴金箔/镀金
109
give way to
让步/让路
110
glacial
adj. 冰的/冰河的;冰冷的
111
glacier
n. 冰川
112
glamorous
adj. 迷人的/富有魅力的 (attractive/charming)
113
gland
n. 腺体
114
glandular
adj. 腺体的
115
glare
n. 眩目的光 (light/brightness) v. 闪耀 (flare)
116
glassware
n. 玻璃制品
117
ware
n. 陶器/器皿 (pottery/tool/implements)
118
earthenware
n. 土器/陶器
119
tableware
n. 餐具
120
hardware
n. 五金器具
121
warehouse
n. 仓库/货栈 (depot/storehouse)
122
glazed
adj. 上过釉的/表面光滑的 (smooth-faced/glassy)
123
glaze
vt. 装玻璃/上釉/使表面光滑 n. 釉料
124
glean
v. 点滴搜集;拾 (gather/collect;pick up)
125
glide
vi. 滑动/滑行 (slide/slip)
126
glider
n. 滑行者;滑翔机
127
glimpse
n. 一瞥/一看 (glance) v. 瞥见 (see briefly/catch sight of)
128
global
adj. 全球性的 (worldwide/international)
129
glorify
v. 美化/赞扬 (exalt/beautify)
130
glossy
adj. 平滑的/有光泽的 (shiny/polished)
131
glowing
adj. 热烈赞扬的;热情洋溢的 (shinning/luminous)
132
gnaw
v. 咬/啃 (nibble/bite)
133
go broke
破产
134
goal
n. 目标 (end/objective/aim)
135
gold rush
淘金热
136
gorgeous
adj. 华丽的;灿烂的 (beautiful/magnificent)
137
gospel
n. 福音
138
gossip
n. 社会新闻/小道传闻 (rumor)
139
gourmet
n. 美食家
140
gourmand
n. 嗜食者
141
govern
vt. 统治/管理;控制 (rule/control)
142
governor
n. 州长;总督
143
grab
vt. 攫取/抓住 (grasp/snatch/capture)
144
grace
n. 风度 (elegance)
145
graceful
adj. 优雅的 (elegant)
146
disgrace
vt. 玷污
147
graft
v. 嫁接;移植 (implant/transplant)
148
grand
adj. 壮观的;显赫的 (wonderful/impressive/large)
149
grandeur
n. 庄严/伟大 (magnificence/stateliness)
150
granite
n. 花岗岩
151
graphic
adj. 绘画似的;图解的/生动的 (vivid/explicit)
152
graph
n. 图表 (chart)
153
telegraph
n. 电报机/电报
154
photograph
n. 照片
155
seismograph
n. 地震仪/测震仪
156
graphite
n. 石墨
157
grasp
vt. 抓住/抓紧 (seize/grip/hold) n. 掌握/领会 (comprehension/understanding)
158
grasshopper
n. 蚱蜢/蚂蚱
159
grateful
adj. 感激的/感谢的 (thankful/appreciative)
160
gravitational
adj. 地心引力的/重力的
161
gravitation
n. 引力/重力
162
gravitational field
重力场
163
gravitational pull
地心引力
164
gravitational force
地心引力
165
gravity
n. 地心引力 n. 严肃/一本正经 (seriousness)
166
graze
vi. (牲畜)吃草;放牧 (feed)
167
grazing land
牧场/草场
168
grease
n. 油脂 (oil/fat)
169
greedy
adj. 贪婪的 (avaricious/avid)
170
grind
vt. 磨碎/碾碎 (crush/scrape)
171
grip
v. 紧握/紧抓 (clutch/grasp)
172
grope
vi. 摸索/探索 (fumble/probe)
173
grumble
n./v. 抱怨
174
guarantee
vt. 保证/担保 (assure/ensure)
175
gulf
n. 海湾
176
gull
n. 鸥/海鸥
177
gulp
n./vt. 吞;吞咽 (swallow)
178
gush
vi. 喷涌/涌流 (flow)
179
gust
n. 一阵强风 (blast/outburst)
180
gymnastic
adj. 体操的/体育的
181
gymnastics
n. 体操/体育
182
gyration
n. 旋转
183
habitat
n. 产地/栖息地 (environment)
184
hail
n. 冰雹 vt. 致敬/向…欢呼 (acclaim/salute/greet)
185
hallmark
n. 标志/特征 (sign/feature)
186
halt
n./vt. (使)停止 (stop/pause)
187
hamburger
n. 汉堡包
188
hamper
vt. 妨碍/使困难 (impede/hinder)
189
handicap
n. 残疾 (disadvantage/physical disability) vt. 严重妨碍/削弱 (cripple/hinder/impede)
190
handicraft
n. 手工艺品
191
hands-on
亲手抓的
192
handy
adj. 便利的/容易取得的 (convenient/close)
193
handful
n. 一把/少数
194
haphazard
adj. 偶然的;随便的 (indiscriminate/random/aimless)
195
harbor
n. 海港 (port/haven) n. 避难所 (refuge/shelter)
196
harden
v. 使变硬
197
hardy
adj. 能吃苦耐劳的/强壮的 (robust/sturdy/strong/healthy)
198
harmful
adj. 有害的;伤害的 (damaging/noxious/detrimental/dangerous)
199
harmless
adj. 无害的 (innocuous)
200
harmonize
v. (使)协调/(使)和谐 (correspond/attune)
201
harmony
n. 协调/融洽 (compatibility)
202
harmonious
adj. 和谐的 (concordant/accordant)
203
harmonic
adj. 和声的
204
harmonica
n. 口琴
205
philharmonic
n. 交响乐团
206
harness
vt. 利用(河流/瀑布等)产生动力 (utilize/make use of) n. (全套)马具
207
harsh
adj. 粗糙的;刺耳的/刻薄的 (rough/coarse;acid) adj. 严厉的;严酷的/恶劣的 (severe/acrimonious)
208
harshness
n. 严酷/恶劣
209
harvest
v. 收获/收割 (gather/reap)
210
haste
n. 匆忙/急忙;草率 (hurry)
211
hasten
vt. 加速 (accelerate/quicken)
212
hatch
vt. 孵化 (breed/emerge from the egg)
213
haul
vt. 拉/拖 (transport/drag)
214
haunt
vt. (思想/回忆等)萦绕心头 (torment/bother/disturb) n. 常去的地方 (resort)
215
haunted
adj. 闹鬼的/鬼魂出没的/受到折磨的
216
haven
n. 避难所/安全地 (refuge/shelter)
217
heaven
n. 天/天堂
218
heavenly
adj. 天空的/天上的 (celestial)
219
hay
n. 干草 (dried grass)
220
hazard
n. 危险;危害物 (danger/risk)
221
hazardous
adj. 危险的/冒险的 (dangerous/risky)
222
hazel
adj. 榛树的
223
haze
n. 薄雾 (fog/mist/cloud)
224
heal
v. 康复/治愈 (cure)
225
healing
adj. 有治疗作用的 (curative/therapeutic)
226
healthful
adj. 有益健康的 (wholesome/healthy)
227
heed
n./v. 注意/留意 (attention/consideration;pay attention to)
228
heel
n. 脚后跟
229
heighten
vt. 提高/升高;加深 (enhance/hoist/boost)
230
heir
n. 继承人/后嗣 (descendent/offspring)
231
helium
n. 氦
232
helpful
adj. 有帮助的/有益的 (useful/beneficial)
233
helper
n. 助手 (assistant)
234
helpless
adj. 无助的/无依靠的 (unable/powerless/weak)
235
hem
n. (衣服或裙子)褶边/边缘 (border/edge)
236
ham
n. 火腿;大腿
237
hemisphere
n. 半球;半脑 (halves/sides)
238
herald
vt. 宣布…的消息;预示…的来临 (announce/proclaim)
239
herculean
adj. 力大无比的/巨大的
240
herd
n. 兽群;人群 (flock/crowd) vt. 把…赶在一起放牧;成群/群集
241
shepherd
n. 牧羊人
242
herder
n. 牧者/牧人
243
heredity
n. 遗传 (genetics/inheritance)
244
heritage
n. 遗产/继承物;传统 (inheritance/legacy/bequest;tradition)
245
heroism
n. 英雄品质/英勇 (bravery/valor/gallantry)
246
hesitate
vi. 犹豫/踌躇 (vacillate/fluctuate)
247
hesitant
adj. 迟疑的/犹豫不定的 (reluctant/irresolute)
248
heterogeneous
adj. 异类的/不同的 (miscellaneous/variant/defferent)
249
homogeneous
adj. 同类的;均匀的/同质的 (uniform/similar)
250
heyday
n. 全盛期 (golden age/climax)
251
hibernate
vi. 冬眠 (be dormant)
252
hibernation
n. 冬眠
253
hide
n. 兽皮 (skin) vi. 隐藏/掩藏 (conceal)
254
rawhide
n. 生牛皮
255
hierarchy
n. 阶层/等级制度 (class/order)
256
highlight
vt. 使显著/突出 (emphasize/stress) n. 最显著或重要的部分 (focal point)
257
hike
v. 远足/徒步旅行 (travel/walk) n. 徒步旅行 (walk/trip)
258
hilly
adj. 多小山的/多坡的 (mountainous)
259
hinder
vt. 阻碍/妨碍 (stunt/inhibit/tie up/hamper/impede)
260
hinge
n. (门等)铰链/枢纽
261
hint
n. 提示/线索 (allusion/clue)
262
hinterland
n. 穷乡僻壤;腹地 (region/inland)
263
hold a large stake
拥有巨额股份/带有极大冒险性
264
hoe
vt. 用锄耕地/锄 (weed)
265
hollow
adj. 空心的/凹陷的 (empty) adj. 空洞的 (void/vain) vt. 形成空洞;挖空 (empty) n. 洞;山谷 (hole;valley)
266
homemade
adj. 自制的/家里做的 (made at home)
267
homespun
adj. 朴素的;家里纺织的 (plain/simple)
268
homogenize
vt. 使均匀 (equalize)
269
horde
n. 一大群 (crowd/swarm)
270
horizon
n. 地平线;眼界/视野 (range/limit)
271
horizontal
adj. 水平的 (flat/level)
272
horn
n. (牛羊等的)角
273
horned
adj. 有角的/角状的
274
hornbill
n. 犀鸟/犀鸟科
275
hornet
n. 大黄蜂
276
thorn
n. (植物的)刺/棘
277
thorny
adj. 有刺的;多刺的 (prickly/spiky)
278
horror
n. 惊骇;恐怖 (terror/fear)
279
horror film/movie
恐怖电影
280
hospitable
adj. 好客的 (generous/receptive)
281
hostile
adj. 敌对的/不友好的 (unfriendly/antagonistic)
282
hostility
n. 敌意/敌对 (pugnacity/enmity/animosity)
283
house
vt. 给…提供住所
284
hover
vi. 翱翔;徘徊 (float;waver/vacillate)
285
hub
n. 轮轴 (core) n. 活动中心 (nucleus/heart/center)
286
huddle
vi. 缩成一团;挤成一团 (crowd/gather) n. 杂乱的一堆/拥挤 (mass/heap)
287
hue
n. 颜色/色彩 (color/tint)
288
humanity
n. 人性;博爱/仁慈 (kindness/virtue)
289
humanitarian
n./adj. 人道主义者;人道主义的 (philanthropic)
290
nonhuman
adj. 非人类的
291
humanistic
adj. 人性的;人文主义的
292
humanist
n. 人道主义者/人文主义者
293
humble
adj. 卑贱的;谦逊的 (meek/submissive/modest)
294
humid
adj. 潮湿的 (damp/wet)
295
humidity
n. 湿气/湿度 (dampness/moisture)
296
humiliate
vt. 羞辱/使丢脸 (embarrass/shame)
297
humility
n. 谦卑 (meekness/modesty)
298
hummingbird
n. 蜂鸟
299
humorous
adj. 幽默的/滑稽的 (witty/funny/amusing)
300
hump
n. 驼背;峰/圆形隆起之物 (bump/hunch)