Tom 110-114

Question 1

Who sought to overcome the limitations of theology being reduced to citing examples?

Answer 1

Peter Abelard

Question 2

Who wrote “Yes and No” to reconcile disagreements between the Bible/various authorities, and overcome limitations of theology?

Answer 2

Peter Abelard

Question 3

Whose method involved
1. Pose question
2. Cite authorities for answers
3. Solution

Answer 3

Peter Abelard

Question 4

Who condemned Peter Abelard as a heretic in 1141?

Answer 4

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 5

What did Abelard believe regarding the Theory of Atonement?

Answer 5

Christ’s love evokes our grateful response

Question 6

Who was a mystic devoted to contemplation of the humanity of X?

Answer 6

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 7

What did Bernard of Clairvaux identify as first and foremost?

Answer 7

A monk

Question 8

Who was considered the power behind and above the pope?

Answer 8

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 9

Who advocated for military monks: the Knight’s Templar?

Answer 9

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 10

Who was the enemy of all theological innovation (against Abelard)?

Answer 10

Bernard of Clairvaux

Question 11

Who wrote the “Four Books of Sentences”?

Answer 11

Peter Lombard

Question 12

Who initiated the formulation of the 7 Sacraments?

Answer 12

Peter Lombard

Question 13

Who were the 3 main forerunners of Scholasticism?

Answer 13

Anselm
Abelard
Lombard

Question 14

What was the main question during the disagreements between the Cathars and Waldensians and the church?

Answer 14

“Who is church?”

Question 15

Who were the Cathars/Pures also known as?

Answer 15

Albigenes

Question 16

What movement blended Gnostic/dualistic/manichean beliefs?

Answer 16

Cathars

Question 17

Why were the Cathars (rightfully) deemed heretical?

Answer 17

They believed that Christ didn’t have a physical body

Question 18

What were the two ranks in the Cathar system?

Answer 18

Perfects
Believers

Question 19

What group declared Pope Innocent to be Constantine’s successor, not Peter’s?

Answer 19

Cathars

Question 20

Were the Cathars exterminated or dispersed by the Inquisition?

Answer 20

Exterminated

Question 21

What did Pope Innocent blame for the rise of the Cathars?

Answer 21

Wordly clergy

Question 22

Who was a merchant mendicant but not a monk?

Answer 22

Peter Waldo/Valdes

Question 23

Who founded the Waldensian movement?

Answer 23

Peter Waldo/Valdes

Question 24

What movement allowed ordinary people to baptize others if a local priest was unsuitable?

Answer 24

Waldensians

Question 25

Who paid to have large portions of the gospel translated to vernacular, learned them by heart, and passed them on to preachers and teachers to carry out?

Answer 25

Peter Waldo/Valdes

Question 26

Who challenged watered-down Christianity instead of the Bible?

Answer 26

Peter Waldo/Valdes

Question 27

What movement was excommunicated as heretics but were not actually heretical?

Answer 27

Waldensians

Question 28

Were the Waldensians exterminated or dispersed by the Inquisition?

Answer 28

Dispersed

Question 29

Which Moslem leader took Jerusalem and gave civilians their freedom for 10 pence?

Answer 29

Saladin

Question 30

Where did King Philip of France and Richard the Lionhearted conquer when they could not take Moslem-controlled Jerusalem?

Answer 30

Acre, a port near Jerusalem

Question 31

Who signed a 3-year truce with Saladin in order to maintain control of the Acre port and gave access to the Holy Sepulchre?

Answer 31

Richard the Lionhearted