Tooth Movement

Question 1

What is the correct way of applying forces for tooth movement?

Answer 1

Gentle and continuous

Question 2

Applying continuous force to a tooth results in:

Answer 2

•Remodelling of Alveolar Bone
•Reorganisation of the PDL
•Changes in the Periodontium

Question 3

What is the PDL made up of

Answer 3

•cells,blood vessels, collagen fibres
•Alveolar Bone
•Cementum

Question 4

What is Alveolar bone capable of

Answer 4

•Remodelling
•Repair
•Regeneration

Question 5

What are the two types of forces?

Answer 5

Light Forces - optimum
Heavy forces - Excessive

Question 6

What are the two theories of tooth movement?

Answer 6

Piezoelectric Theory
Pressure Tension Theory

Question 7

What is the Piezolelectric Theory

Answer 7

•Electric Signals
•Bone bending due to force

Question 8

How is a Piezoelectric Current formed?

Answer 8

•Collagen fibres slip past each other
• helps regeneration and repair
• Collagen in Piezoelectric

Question 9

What type of response is the Pressure/Tension Theory?

Answer 9

A chemical response

Question 10

What is the Pressure/Tension Theory

Answer 10

•Alters blood flow by
-chemical messenger
-hormones
- cellular activity

Question 11

What is the hormone released in the pressure/tension theory?

Answer 11

Prostagladin E

Question 12

What do Heavy Forces create?

Answer 12

Undermining Resorption

Question 13

What happens in the Tension side of the tooth?

Answer 13

• Bone is deposited
• Blood Increases
• Osteoblasts - deposit bone

Question 14

What happens on the Pressure side of the tooth?

Answer 14

• Bone Resorbed
• Blood descreases
• Osteoclasts - Bone removed

Question 15

What happens with Frontal Resorption?

Answer 15

• occurs with optimum force
• Front of the tooth
• Gradual Movement
• Bone remodelled

Question 16

What happens with Undermining Resorption

Answer 16

•occurs with excessive force
•Necrosis
• Damage
• Dental Lamina gets attacked further down
•.Pain and teeth jumps after a few days

Question 17

What are Osteoblasts?

Answer 17

New bone formation

Question 18

What are Osteoclasts?

Answer 18

Resorb bone

Question 19

What is Optimum force?

Answer 19

•Light Force
•Blood flows
• capillary pressure isn’t occluded

Question 20

With Optimum Force, On the tension side what is found?

Answer 20

Osteoblasts

Question 21

With Optimum Force, what is found on the pressure side?

Answer 21

Osteoclasts

Question 22

What timeframe do Osteoclasts/ osteoblasts occur

Answer 22

48 hours

Question 23

What happens when Excessive Force is applied?

Answer 23

•Occludes capillary pressure
• blood doesn’t flow
•cells die

Question 24

What happens in the Periodontal ligament with Excessive force?

Answer 24

•Sterile necrosis and cell death occurs
•hyalinization

Question 25

With Excessive Force what do the Osteoclasts do?

Answer 25

•Resorb the bone beneath area of Necrosis and adjacent to hyalinization •happens few days after the force

Question 26

What are Osteocytes?

Answer 26

• used to be osteoblasts • change in mineralised bone •detect mechanical load on the bone

Question 27

How long is tooth movement delayed by in Excessive force?

Answer 27

7-14 days

Question 28

What are Fibroblasts?

Answer 28

•They help remodel the PDL •they remove old fibres and form bew fibers • destroy old collagen fibres and produce new collagen fibres

Question 29

What are cementoblasts?

Answer 29

•cells that form part of the cementum •bone is deposited around the cementum

Question 30

What are Cementoclasts?

Answer 30

•resorb necrotic tissue and cementum • occur in undermining resorption

Question 31

Clinical Sides of Frontal resorption?

Answer 31

• No prolonged discomfort for the patient •Gradual movement of teeth •no excessive mobility

Question 32

Clinical signs of Undermining resorption?

Answer 32

•prolonged discomfort •mobility • delayed tooth movement and sudden jumps of movement • Root resorption

Question 33

What is Hyalinisation?

Answer 33

• Capillaries are occluded= - necrosis and damage