Topic 1- Cell Biology :)

Question 1

What cell structures are included within an animal cell?

Answer 1

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria

Question 2

What cell structures are included within a plant cell?

Answer 2

• Nucleus
• Vacuole
• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Chloroplast
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria

Question 3

What cell structures are included within a bacterial Cell?

Answer 3

• Ribosomes
• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Plasma
• Long strand of DNA

Question 4

What cell structures are included within a fungal cell?

Answer 4

• Ribosomes
• Mitochondria
• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus

Question 5

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 5

To control all cell activities

Question 6

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

To control entry and exit of materials

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 7

To stop cell bursting when full of water

Question 8

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 8

To store cell sap

Question 9

What is the function of tue chloroplast?

Answer 9

It is the site of photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the function of the Cytoplasm?

Answer 10

It is the sight of chemical reactions

Question 11

What is the function of the Ribosomes?

Answer 11

They make proteins out of amino acids

Question 12

What is the function of the mitochondrion

Answer 12

It is the sight of aerobic respiration

Question 13

Describe diffusion

Answer 13

Diffusion is when molecules from an area of high concentration move to an area of low concentration (moving down a concentration gradient)

Question 14

Diffusion is a PASSIVE process. What does this mean?

Answer 14

A passive process means it does not require energy

Question 15

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 15

This means that it only allows small molecules to pass through

Question 16

What is diffusion essential for?

Answer 16

• the exchange of respitory gases
• the movement of dissolved food
• the movement of gases during photosynthesis

Question 17

A concentration gradient exists when…

Answer 17

There is a difference on concentration at either side of a cell (between cells and their environment)

Question 18

Two substances that will Diffuse into a cell-

Answer 18

Oxygen and glucose

Question 19

Two substances that will diffuse out of a cell-

Answer 19

Carbon dioxide and water= energy

Question 20

If there are 4 molecules inside of a cell and 6 outside of the cell, in which direction would they move?

Answer 20

They would go to the inside of the cell

Question 21

Name type of molecule in the cell membrane that allowes substances to pass through

Answer 21

Protein channel/ pore

Question 22

Describe osmosis

Answer 22

The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. (It is a passive process)

Question 23

What is the definition of “selectively permeable”?

Answer 23

This means that only molecules of a certain size can pass through the membrane

Question 24

What is the definition of “selectively permeable”?

Answer 24

This means that only molecules of a certain size can pass through the membrane

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (moving down a concentration gradient)

Question 26

Describe a concentration gradient

Answer 26

The difference in concentration between an area of high concentration of a substance and an area of low concentration of a substance. Different concentration gradient of substances exist between cells and their environment

Question 27

Diffusion in single- celled organisms

Answer 27

Single celled organisms rely on diffusion to keep them alive.

Question 28

Diffusion in single- celled organisms

Answer 28

Single celled organisms rely on diffusion to keep them alive.

Question 29

Whay equation is used to describe diffusion in single- celled organisms?

Answer 29

O²+glucose -> CO²+H²O = energy (Oxygen and glucose diffuse INTO the cell Carbon dioxide and other wastes diffuse OUT of the cell)

Question 30

What is diffusion essential for in Multicellular organisms?

Answer 30

- the exchange of respitory gases between the lungs and capillaries - the movement of dissolved food from the villi in the small intestine to the blood capillaries - the movement of gases during photosynthesis between plant sonata and the atmosphere

Question 31

Describe the structure of DNA

Answer 31

A double stranded helix

Question 32

Describe the base pairing rule

Answer 32

Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)