Topic 2

Question 1

What are the parts of the brain

Answer 1

Hypothalamus, pituitary, cerebellum, medulla, cerebrum

Question 2

What does the hypothalamus do

Answer 2

Controls temperature

Question 3

What does the pituitary do

Answer 3

Controls growth

Question 4

What does the cerebellum do

Answer 4

Balance

Question 5

What does the medulla do

Answer 5

Controls breathing

Question 6

What does the cerebrum

Answer 6

Controls voluntary muscle & movement, thinking and memory

Question 7

What is chemotherapy

Answer 7

Drugs are injected that target fast diving cells

Question 8

What is radiotherapy

Answer 8

High energy x-ray beams are used to target the cancerous cells

Question 9

Mitosis

Answer 9

A type of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells each having the same number & kind of chromosomes as the parents so

Question 10

What was the first stage of the cell cycle

Answer 10

Cell growth

Question 11

What is the second stage of the cell cycle

Answer 11

DNA synthesis- the chromosome are now double stranded

Question 12

What is the third stage of the cell cycle

Answer 12

Further growth occurred & the DNA is checked for error

Question 13

What is the fourth stage of the cell cycle

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

What is the fifth stage of the cell cycle

Answer 14

The cytoplasm separate- 2 cells are formed

Question 15

What is the sixth stage of the cell cycle

Answer 15

Temporary cell resting period or the cell stops dividing

Question 16

What are the functions of mitosis

Answer 16

It’s essential for growth & development of multicellular organisms (eg plants)
It can take place when organisms repairs itself (eg when a broken bone heals)
It happens during asexual reproduction

Question 17

What are the 5 stages of mitosis

Answer 17

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 18

Interphase

Answer 18

Stage 1

The cells begin to divide

Question 19

Prophase

Answer 19

Stage 2

The DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

Stage 3

The nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosomes line up across the centre of the cell

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

Stage 4

1 set of chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell & the nucleus divide

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

Stage 5

The cytoplasm & cell membrane divide to form 2 identical cells

Question 23

What does mitosis result in

Answer 23

2 genetically-identical daughter cells

Living organisms being able to increase in mass & repair damage tissue in order to stay alive

Question 24

Is mitosis sexual or asexual

Answer 24

Asexual

Question 25

What are the 2 ways animals grow

Answer 25

Cell division and cell differentiation

Question 26

What is cell differentiation

Answer 26

When a unspecialised cell becomes a specialised cell type

Question 27

Percentage change in mass= ?/? X ?

Answer 27

Percentage change in mass= final mass-starting mass ———————————- x100 Staring mass

Question 28

What does the central nervous system consist of

Answer 28

The brain and spinal cord

Question 29

What does the brain do

Answer 29

Process sensory information & controls homeostatic process

Question 30

What does the spinal cord do

Answer 30

Transmits reflexes & the connection to the peripheral nervous system

Question 31

Reflex arc

Answer 31

Reflex actions are fast & are to protect an organism from harm Memories can be produced from painful exper

Question 32

What is the reflex arc order

Answer 32

Stimulus -> receptor -> sensory neurone -> relay neurone -> motor neurone -> effector -> response

Question 33

What is the role of a synapse

Answer 33

It is the gap between 2 neurones An electrical impulse arrives at the axon terminal triggering a neurotransmitter chemical to be produced into the synaptic gap. It defuses across the gal. Receptors detect it triggering a new impulse to occure

Question 34

What are the 4 main parts of an eye

Answer 34

Cornea, lens, iris, retina

Question 35

The corneas adaptation and function

Answer 35

It’s transparent, fixed in place, on the outside of an eye | It helps the eye to focus & produce a clear image

Question 36

The lenses adaptation and function

Answer 36

It’s transparent, biconvex, it can change shape | It fine-tunes the image

Question 37

The Iris’ adaptation and function

Answer 37

It changes size and is coloured | Controls the amount of light entering the eye

Question 38

The retina’s adaptation and function

Answer 38

The location of rod and cone cells | It triggers electrical impulses that’s tacked to the brain for interpretation