Topic 2 - Cell Division and Mitosis

Question 1

Every cell has a nucleus that contains ___________ which carry ________, which carry the instructions for making new cells and carrying out functions. What two words complete the sentence?

Answer 1

Chromosomes, genes.

Question 2

Cells divide in a series of stages called the ______ _______ one of these processes is _________ where the cell divides into two identical copies. What three words complete the sentence?

Answer 2

Cell cycle, mitosis.

Question 3

The cell cycle _____ _____ with age and is very ____ before puberty and ______ afterwards. Which 4 words finish the sentence?

Answer 3

Slows down, fast, slow.

Question 4

The first stage of the cell cycle is _________ where the DNA ________ and normal cell activities are carried out. What two words finish the sentenceA.

Answer 4

Interphase, replicates.

Question 5

The second stage of the cell cycle is _______, where one set of chromosomes is pulled to each side, dividing the ______. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 5

Mitosis, nucleus.

Question 6

The third stage of the cell cycle is _________ where the other _______ divide, forming two identical _________ cells. What three words finish the sentence?

Answer 6

Cytokinesis, organelles, daughter.

Question 7

The cells are not all the same, as when they grow and develop they ________. What word finishes the sentence?

Answer 7

Differentiate.

Question 8

Some differentiated cells cannot replicate at all and _____ ____ cells replace damaged or ageing cells. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 8

Adult stem.

Question 9

Unlike animal cells, plant cells can differentiate throughout their lives and form at __________ in the shoots and roots of the plant. What word finishes the sentence?

Answer 9

Meristems.

Question 10

Producing an identical copy of an organism is called _______, this can easily be done in plants as they can differentiate at ____ time. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 10

Cloning, any.

Question 11

It is difficult to clone animals as they cannot _________ past early growth. What word finishes the sentence?

Answer 11

Differentiate.

Question 12

An egg and sperm cell fuse to form a _______, the inner cells in this ball of cells are called _________ _____ cells as they can differentiate into any type of cell. What three words finish the sentence?

Answer 12

Zygote, Embryonic Stem.

Question 13

Bone marrow is a source of ______ stem cells. What word finishes the sentence?

Answer 13

Adult.

Question 14

Scientists are using ________ and ______ stem cells to treat previously incurable diseases like blindness, although this is still early in development. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 14

Embryonic, adult.

Question 15

Cells from plant ________ can be used to clone plants rapidly, some with ______ features. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 15

Meristems, ideal.

Question 16

As embryonic stem cells come from ______ embryos, many have ethical problems with the usage of embryonic cells due to their religious beliefs or thinking that the embryo cannot give permission. Which word finishes the sentence?

Answer 16

Aborted.

Question 17

Scientists have found embryonic cells in the ___________ _____ blood or in the __________ fluid around the fetus. What three words finish the sentence?

Answer 17

Umbilical cord, amniotic.

Question 18

What is the name of the process using adult stem cells to produce embryonic cells?

Answer 18

Therapeutic cloning.

Question 19

Name two diseases being treated by stem cell research.

Answer 19

Any two from: spinal cord altering injuries; type 1 diabetes; hearts damaged from a heart attack; blindness or damaged bone structure.

Question 20

There is a ______ risk of failure with adult stem cells than with embryonic stem cells in certain treatments, but embryonic cells have the ability to treat _____ different diseases. What two words finish the sentence?

Answer 20

Lower, more/other.

Question 21

What is cell division used for in mature animals?

Answer 21

It is restricted to repair and replacement.

Question 22

How do bacteria multiply?

Answer 22

By binary fission.

Question 23

How often do bacteria multiply?

Answer 23

Every 20 minutes.

Question 24

What do chromosomes exist in (except for gametes)?

Answer 24

They exist in pairs.

Question 25

What is the order of magnitude of chromosomes, DNA and genes?

Answer 25

DNA makes up chromosomes and they make up genes.

Question 26

What is the definition of stem cells?

Answer 26

Stem cells are cells that can differentiate into other or any cells.

Question 27

What is the process of therapeutic cloning?

Answer 27

A donor egg cell has its nucleus removed and replaced by the nucleus of the patient.

The cell is stimulated to divide.

This develops into an embryo.

Stem cells from the embryo are cultured.