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2nd sem-PMLS 2 (LEC) PRELIM > Topic 4 BLOOD COLLECTION > Flashcards

Topic 4 BLOOD COLLECTION Flashcards

1
Q

dedicated area of medical laboratory or clinic equipped for performing phlebotomy procedures

A

BLOOD- DRAWING STATION

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2
Q

should be comfortable. Have adjustable armrest to achieve proper
position of either arm

A

PHLEBOTOMY CHAIRS

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2
Q

make blood collection equipment portable

A

EQUIPMENT CARRIERS

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3
Q

This equipment is especially important in hospital setting

A

EQUIPMENT CARRIERS

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4
Q

variety of styles and sizes designed to be easily carried

A

Handheld Carriers

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5
Q

convenient for “STAT” or emergency situations or for patients who need blood work

A

Handheld Carriers

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6
Q

typically made of stainless steel or strong synthetic material
* have swivel wheels, which glide the carts smoothly and quietly

A

Phlebotomy Carts

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7
Q

have several shelves to carry adequate supplies for
blood collection

A

Phlebotomy Carts

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8
Q

commonly used for early morning hospital phlebotomy rounds

A

Phlebotomy Carts

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9
Q

bulky and a potential source of nosocomial infection; thus it is parked outside patient’s room

A

Phlebotomy Carts

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9
Q

acronym of OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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10
Q

require the wearing of gloves when performing phlebotomy
* new pair must be used for each patient and removed when the procedure is completed

A

(CDC/HICPAC)
(OSHA)

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11
Q

regulates glove quality

A

U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)

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12
Q

acronym HICPAC

A

HEALTHCARE INFECTION CONTROL
PRACTICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE

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13
Q

GREEK anti,

A

against

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14
Q

GREEK septikos,

A

putrefactive

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15
Q

are substances used to prevent sepsis, which is the presence of microorganisms or their toxic products within the bloodstream

A

ANTISEPTICS

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16
Q

MOST COMMONLY USED ANTISEPTIC FOR ROUTINE BLOOD COLLECTION

A

70% isopropyl alcohol

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17
Q

used needles, lancets, and other
sharps objects must be disposed of
immediately in special containers
referred to as

A

sharps containers.

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18
Q

Most are red, for easy identification, but some are clear or opaque to make it easier to tell when they are full

A

sharps containers.

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19
Q

All must be clearly marked with a biohazard symbol and be rigid, puncture resistant, leakproof, and disposable and have locking lids to seal the contents when filled to the appropriate volume, after which they must be properly disposed of as biohazardous waste

A

sharps containers.

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20
Q

leakproof plastic bags that are
commonly used to transport blood and other specimens from the collection site to the laboratory

A

BIOHAZARD BAGS

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21
Q

used to make blood films for hematology determinations.

A

SLIDES

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22
Q

available either plain or with
a frosted area at one end where the patient’s name or other information can be written in penciL

A

SLIDES

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23
Q

A phlebotomist should always carry a pen with ___, ___ to label tubes and recordother patient informatio

A

permanent, nonsmear ink

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24
Q

portable devices on the market that use transillumination to make it easier to locate veins that are difficult to see or feel.

A

VEIN-LOCATING DEVICES

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24
Q

preferably with a sweep second hand or
timer, is needed to accurately determine specimen
collection times and time certain tests.

A

WATCH

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25
Q

These devices typically shine highintensity LED or infrared red light through the patient’s skin to highlight veins.

A

VEIN-LOCATING DEVICES

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26
Q

device that is applied or tied around a patient’s arm prior to venipuncture to
compress the veins and restrict blood flow.

A

TOURNIQUET

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27
Q

Restriction of venous flow distends or inflates the veins, making them larger and easier to find and stretches the vein walls so they are thinner and easier to pierce with a needle.

A

TOURNIQUET

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28
Q

reusable tourniquets have the
potential to transmit pathogens such as

A

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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29
Q

Needles include:

A

multisample needles,
hypodermic needles, and winged
infusion (butterfly), and non-winged
blood collection needle sets used with
both the evacuated tube system (ETS)
and the syringe system

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30
Q

sterile, disposable, and designed for a
single use only.

A

NEEDLES

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31
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 15-17

A

Special needle attached to collection bag

Collection of donor units
Autologous blood donation
therapeutic phlebotomy

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32
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 20

A

Multisample and Hypodermic

Larger-volume tubes are collected
Large volume syringe used on normal size of vein

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33
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 21

A

Multisample and Hypodermic

standard venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture
patients with normal vein
syringe blood culture collection

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34
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 22

A

Multisample and Hypodermic

used on older children and adult with small veins/difficult veins

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35
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 23

A

Blood collection set

veins of infants and children

difficult or hand veins of adult

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36
Q

Needle type and typical use of gauge 25

A

Blood collection set (thin-wall needle)

veins of infants and children
difficult and hand veins of adults

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36
Q

a clear, plastic, disposable
cylinder with a small threaded opening at one end (often also called a hub) where the needle is screwed into it and a large opening at the other end where the collection tube is placed

A

TUBE HOLDER

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37
Q

are typically available in several sizes
to accommodate different-sized tubes, including special sizes for large-diameter blood culture bottles, some of which have adapter inserts to narrow the diameter of the holder and allow for the collection of evacuated tubes after the blood culture specimens

A

TUBE HOLDER

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38
Q

used with both
the ETS and the syringe method of
obtaining blood specimens.

A

Evacuated Tubes

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39
Q

volumes of evacuated tube ranges from

A

1.8 ti 15 mL

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40
Q

based on the age
of the patient, the amount of blood
needed for the test, and the size and
condition of the patient’s vein

A

Tube selection

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41
Q

light blue stopper color Additive and department

A

Sodium citrate
Coagulation

42
Q

Red (plastic) stopper color Additive and department

A

Clot activator
Chemistry

42
Q

Red (glass) stopper color Additive and department

A

None
Chemistry, Blood bank, Serology/Immunology

43
Q

Red/light gray clear stopper color Additive and department

A

None
NA (discard tube only)

44
Q

Green/gray and light green stopper color Additive and department

A

Lithium heparin and gel seperator
Chemistry

45
Q

Red/Black (tiger) gold stopper color Additive and department

A

Clot activator and gel seperator
Chemistry

46
Q

green stopper color Additive and department

A

Lithium heparin and sodium heparin
Chemistry

47
Q

Lavender (purple) stopper color Additive and department

A

EDTA
Hematology

48
Q

pink stopper color Additive and department

A

EDTA
Blood Bank

49
Q

gray stopper color Additive and department

A

Sodium flouride and pottasium oxalate
Sodium flouride and EDTA
Sodium flouride

Chemistry

50
Q

Orange, gray/yellow stopper color Additive and department

A

Thrombin
Chemistry

51
Q

stopper color Additive and department royal blue

A

None
EDTA
Sodium heparin

Chemistry

52
Q

Tan stopper color Additive and department

A

EDTA

Chemistry

53
Q

Yellow stopper color Additive and department

A

Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
Microbiology

Acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
Blood Bank/Immunohematology

54
Q

sometimes used for
patients with small or difficult veins

A

syringe system

55
Q

preferred method of blood collection

A

Evacuated Tube System

56
Q

This system consists of a sterile syringe needle
called a hypodermic needle and a sterile plastic
syringe with a Luer-lock tip

A

SYRINGE SYSTE

57
Q

a special tip that allows
the needle to attach more securely than a slip tip

A

Luer-lock tip

58
Q

allows the safe transfer of blood into the tubes without using the syringe needle or removing the tube stopper. The device is similar to an ETS tube holder but has a permanently attached needle inside

A

syringe transfer device

59
Q

an indispensable tool for collecting blood from small or difficult veins such as hand veins and veins of
elderly and pediatric patients as it allows much more flexibility and precision than a needle and syringe

A

winged infusion blood collection set

60
Q

used by specially
trained personnel to collect blood from scalp or other
tiny veins of premature infants and other neonates.

A

25-gauge buttefly needle

61
Q

Order of Draw

A
  1. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)
  2. Light Blue (coagulation tubes)
  3. Red - glass non additive tube
    Red - Plastic clot activator tube
  4. Red and gray rubber gold plastic -Serum seperator tubes (SST)
  5. Green and gray rubber/light-green plastic - Heparin tubes with gel/Plasma-seperator tubes (PST)
  6. Green - Heparin tubes
  7. Lavender,pink,purple - EDTA tubes
  8. Pearl/white top - EDTA tubes with gel/Plasma-preparation tube (PPT)
  9. Gray - Oxalate/flouride tubes
62
Q

Venipuncture procedure

A
  1. TEST REQUISITION
  2. APPROACH, IDENTIFY AND
    PREPARE PATIENT
  3. VERIFY DIET RESTRICTIONS AND
    LATEX SENSITIVITY
  4. SANITIZE HANDS AND PUT ON
    GLOVES
  5. POSITION PATIENT, APPLY
    TOURNIQUET, AND ASK PATIENT TO
    MAKE A FIST
  6. SELECT VEIN, RELEASE TOURNIQUET,
    AND ASK PATIENT TO OPEN FIST
  7. CLEAN AND AIR-DRY THE SITE
  8. PREPARE EQUIPMENT
  9. REAPPLY TOURNIQUET, UNCAP
    AND INSPECT NEEDLE
  10. ASK PATIENT TO MAKE A FIST,
    ANCHOR VEIN, AND INSERT
    NEEDLE
    11.ESTABLISH BLOOD FLOW,
    RELEASE TOURNIQUET, AND
    ASK PATIENT TO OPEN FIST
  11. FILL, REMOVE, AND MIX TUBES
    IN ORDER OF DRAW,
    OR FILL SYRINGE
    13.PLACE GAUZE, REMOVE NEEDLE,
    ACTIVATE SAFETY FEATURE, AND
    APPLY PRESSURE
    14.DISCARD COLLECTION UNIT,
    SYRINGE NEEDLE, OR TRANSFER
    DEVICE
    15.LABEL TUBES
    16.OBSERVE SPECIAL HANDLING
    INSTRUCTIONS
    17.CHECK PATIENT’S ARM AND
    APPLY BANDAGE
    18.DISPOSE OF
    CONTAMINATED
    MATERIALS
    19.THANK PATIENT,
    REMOVE GLOVES, AND
    SANITIZE HANDS
    20.TRANSPORT SPECIMEN
    TO THE LAB
63
Q

Common Test status designations

A

Stat - First
Med Emerg - Same as stat
Timed - Second
ASAP - 2nd or 3rd depending on test
Preop and Postop - same as ASAP
Fasting - 4th
NPO - N/A
Routine - N/A

64
Q

Test samples for Stat

A

glucose
H & H
Electrolytes
Cardiac enzymes

65
Q

Test samples for med emerg

A

glucose
H & H
Electrolytes
Cardiac enzymes

66
Q

Test samples for timed

A

2 hour PP
GGT
Cortisol
Cardiac Enzyme
TDM
Blood cultures

67
Q

Test samples for Fasting

A

Glucose
Cholesterol
Triglycerides

67
Q

Test samples for ASAP

A

Electrolytes
Glucose
H & H

68
Q

Test samples for NPO

A

None

69
Q

Test samples for Preop

A

CBC
PTT
Platelet function studies

70
Q

Test samples for Postop

A

H & H

71
Q

Test samples for routine

A

CBC
Chem profile

72
Q

phase of the testing process begins for the laboratory when a test is ordered and ends when testing begins

A

preanalytical or pre-examination

73
Q

Most tests are performed to confirm health or to screen for, diagnose, or monitordisease. To be properly evaluated, test results typically need to be compared withresults expected of healthy individuals.

A

REFERENCE RANGES/INTERVALS

74
Q

refers to the resting metabolic state of the body early in the morning after fasting for
approximately 12 hours

A

BASAL STATE

75
Q

ideal for establishing reference
ranges on inpatients because the effects of diet, exercise, and other controllable
factors on test results are minimized or eliminated

A

BASAL STATE

76
Q

Values for some blood components vary considerably depending upon the ____ of the
patien

A

Age

77
Q

Test results for some blood analytes show significant variation at higher elevations compared with results at sea level.

A

ALTITUDE

78
Q

which occurs, for example, with persistent vomiting or diarrhea, causes HEMOCONCENTRATION, a condition in which blood components
that cannot easily leave the blood- stream become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume.

A

DEHYDRATION

79
Q

Blood analyte composition can be altered by the ingestion of food and drink. As a result, blood specimens collected soon after a meal or snack are unsuitable for many laboratory test

A

Diet

80
Q

Factors that play a role in
______ include posture, activ- ity, eating, daylight and darkness, and being awake or asleep

A

DIURNAL/CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS

81
Q

Some drugs alter physiological functions, causing changes in the concentrations of
certain blood analytes. The effect may be desired or an unwanted side effect or
sensitivit

A

Drug Theraphy

81
Q

affects the levels of a number of hormones. also increases cortisol and may disrupt its normal diurnal variation

A

FEVER

82
Q

Arterial pH and PaCO2 levels are reduced.
Glucose, creatinine, insulin, lactic acid, and total protein can be elevated by moderate muscular activity.
K is released from the cells during ____

A

Exercise

83
Q

increases
insulin levels, followed by a rise in glucagon levels.

A

Fever- induced hypoglycemia

84
Q

affects the concentration of a number of blood components. Most
differences are apparent only after sexual maturity and are reflected in separate normal values for males and females.

A

Sex

85
Q

increase levels of creatine kinase (CK) and the skeletal muscle fraction at least 1 hour after injection. Muscular trauma from injuries or surgery can
also increase CK levels

A

INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION

86
Q

Jaundice is also called

A

icterus

87
Q

also called icterus, is a condition character- ized by increased bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of RBCs) in the blood, leading to deposits of yellow bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae (whites of the eyes), giving the patient a yellow appearance

A

Jaundice

88
Q

can influence specimen composition Going from supine (lying down on the back) to an upright sitting or standing position causes blood fluids to filter into the tissues, decreasing plasma volume in an adult up to 10%

A

Position

89
Q

Increases in body fluid that are normal during ____, have a diluting effect on the RBCs,
leading to lower RBC counts

A

pregnancy

90
Q

Increased cholesterol, cortisol, glucose, growth hormone, and triglyceride levels as well as
WBC counts. often leads to decreased pulmonary function and increased
RBC counts and hemoglobin level

A

Smoking

91
Q

anxiety, fear, or trauma can cause transient (short-lived) elevations
in WBCs

A

Stress

92
Q

Other term for Harderned Veins

A

Sclerosed

93
Q

Other term for Clotted Veins

A

Thrombosed

94
Q

swelling caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues. It sometimes results when fluid from an IV infiltrates the surrounding tissues

A

Edema

95
Q

swelling or mass of blood
(often clotted) that can be caused by blood
leaking from a blood vessel during or
following venipuncture

A

HEMATOMA

96
Q

Blood should never be drawn from an arm on the same side. may cause
lymphostasis (obstruction or stoppage of normal lymph flow).

A

MASTECTOMY

97
Q

Lymphostasis

A

Obstruction or stoppage of normal lymph flow

98
Q

patients often present a challenge to the phlebotomist. patients veins may be deep and difficult to find.

A

OBESITY

99
Q

Drawing blood from a ____ should be avoided if possible

A

paralyzed arm

100
Q

the loss of
muscle function

A

paralysis

101
Q

can be temporary or permanent; localized in one area of the body,
or widespread

A

paralysis

102
Q

Intravenous Line

A
  1. Ask patients nurse to turn off IV for at least 2 minutes prior to collection
  2. Apply torniquet distal to the IV
  3. Select a venipuncture site distal to the IV and the torniquet
  4. Perform the venipuncture in a different vein than the one with the IV if possible
  5. Ask the nurse to restart the IV after the specimen has been collected
  6. Document that the specimen was collected below an IV, indicate the type of fluid in the IV, and identify which arm was used.
103
Q

PATIENT COMPLICATIONS AND CONDITIONS

A
  • ADHESIVE ALLERGY
  • ANTISEPTIC ALLERGY
  • LATEX ALLERGY
  • EXCESSIVE BLEEDING
  • FAINTING
  • NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  • PAIN
  • PETECHIAE
  • SEIZURES/CONVULSIONS
104
Q

SPECIMEN QUALITY CONCERNS

A
  • HEMOCONCENTRATION
  • HEMOLYSIS
  • PARTIALLY FILLED TUBES
  • SPECIMEN CONTAMINATION
  • WRONG OR EXPIRED COLLECTION TUBE

2nd sem-PMLS 2 (LEC) PRELIM (3 decks)

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