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geography > topic 5 study guide > Flashcards

topic 5 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

an alliance of independent states or nations, usually with a shared military command.

A

Confederation

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2
Q

the members of Congress from the South and the West who called for war with Britain prior to the War of 1812

A

War Hawks

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3
Q

a devotion to one’s nation and its interests

A

Nationalism

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4
Q

to begin

A

Commence

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5
Q

loyalty to a state or section rather than to the whole country

A

Sectionalism

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6
Q

a program for economic growth promoted by Henry Clay in the early 1800 that called for high tariffs on imports.

A

American System

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7
Q

business that crosses state lines

A

Interstate Commerce

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8
Q

President Monroe’s foreign policy statement warning European nations not to interfere in Latin America

A

Monroe Doctrine

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9
Q

interference in the affairs of another

A

Intervention

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10
Q

to make rules or laws that control something

A

Regulate

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11
Q

Explain why President Washington issued the Neutrality Proclamation in 1793.

A

Because of the war in Europe, Washington had to make the decision of whether to support France and their Rebellion or not because the French had asked to use American ports for their ships. George Washington worried the U.S couldn’t honor its treaty with France by staying neutral in the European conflict. He decided to finally pass the Neutrality Proclamation after much debate with Jefferson and the Cabinet which stated that the U.S wouldn’t support either side of the war and remain neutral.

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12
Q

Contrast the political views of Hamilton and Jefferson (name at least three examples).

A

Democratic Republican Thomas Jefferson and Federalist Alexander Hamilton had many different political views. Jefferson believed more power should be left with the states whereas Hamilton supported a strong central government. Jefferson also fully supported French Rebellions and the violence that came with it. Hamilton supported England more and did not believe violence was a good option for getting freedom and thought there were better ways. Jefferson thought that the government should have ordinary white people represent our government but Hamilton believed that the wealthy and educated should control the government.

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13
Q

Summarize the purpose and results of the Lewis and Clark expedition.

A

After winning over the Louisiana Territory from the French, Jefferson wanted someone to explore the area and come back with information about the geography and the American Indians so he sent out 2 men, Lewis and Clark, to investigate. They came back with many interesting results like how they made friends with an American Indian, Sacajawea, and created alliances with many of the other tribes. Lewis and Clark also provided information about the major rivers in the area and how beneficial these rivers would become.

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14
Q

How were the president and vice president originally chosen under the Constitution? How did this play out in the presidential election of 1796? Describe which candidates were running for each party/who won/how this created issues in the White House?

A

The President was chosen by whoever had the most electoral votes and the Vice President was chosen by whoever had the next highest total. In 1796, Democratic republicans backed Thomas Jefferson as President and Aaron Burr for Vice. Federalists backed John Adams for President and Thomas Pickeny for Vice. In the end John Adams won as President and Thomas Jefferson won Vice President. This created issues and lots of tension because Jefferson and Adams were from 2 different political parties so they had very different views and opinions.

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15
Q

Why was George Washington at a disadvantage when he took the office as president?

A

He was the very first president which meant he had no help

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16
Q
  1. Who was most opposed to the tax on whiskey that Congress had imposed?
A

Backcountry farmers

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17
Q
  1. How did Alexander Hamilton attempt to create a stable economic system? Name multiple ways…
A

He set up the national bank, made a tariff on foreign goods brought into the country, called to repay both the federal and state debts

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18
Q
  1. What roles did Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson serve in Washington’s Cabinet?
A

Hamilton was the Secretary of Treasury
Jefferson was the Secretary of State

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19
Q
  1. What did the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 state?
A

It stated that the U.S would not support either side in the Britain/France war.

20
Q
  1. When Washington’s government was formed under the U.S. Constitution, how many political parties were there?
A

There were 0

21
Q
  1. Why did the outcome of the 1796 election increase political tensions?
A

John Adams won as President and Thomas Jefferson won Vice President. This created issues and lots of tension because Jefferson and Adams were from 2 different political parties so they had very different views and opinions.

22
Q
  1. Why did Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans oppose policies that favored manufacturing and trade?
A

The democratic Republicans thought it would corrupt the nation and give power only to the wealthy.

23
Q
  1. How did Jefferson’s views differ from Hamilton’s regarding the national bank and role of the federal government?
A

Hamilton wanted a strong federal government whereas Jefferson wanted a small federal government and more power to the states. Hamilton wanted a national bank but Jefferson feared that it would give too much power to the government.

24
Q
  1. Which political party favored a strong central government?
A

Federalists

25
Q
  1. Why did Jefferson oppose the Sedition Act?
A

He and his party argued that the first amendment protected freedom of speech and of the press.

26
Q
  1. Why was the Marbury v. Madison decision important?
A

It ended the Judiciary Act and said that the Supreme Court had the power to say whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional or not. This was called Judicial review.

27
Q
  1. What argument did the Democratic Republicans make when protesting against the Alien and Sedition Acts?
A

They argued that the Sedition Act did not live up the the First Amendment and that the Alien Act didn’t let Democratic Republican immigrants vote for 14 years which was a lot more than 5.

28
Q
  1. Why did Jefferson favor a laissez-faire attitude towards the nation’s economy?
A

It lessened government interference.

29
Q
  1. Why did some Federalists criticize Adams’s refusal to declare war on France? Name multiple reasons…
A

They hoped a war would weaken the Democratic Republicans, force the nation to build military forces, and increase federal power.

30
Q
  1. What important precedent did the election of 1800 set?
A

It balanced the power of the parties peacefully.
Or
The selectors had to hold separate votes for president and vise president.

31
Q
  1. The United States purchased Louisiana from _______________ for __________ million.
A

France, 15 million

32
Q
  1. Why was the Louisiana Purchase so significant?
A

It nearly doubled the size of the U.S and the U.S finally took their place among the powers of the first rank.

33
Q
  1. Which river played an important role in the expeditions of Lewis and Clark?
A

missouri river

34
Q
  1. What reason did Jefferson give for the Louisiana Purchase being constitutional?
A

The constitution allowed the president to make treaties, and buying the Louisiana territory, was part of a treaty.

35
Q
  1. Lewis and Clark were tasked with mapping a route to the _________________.
A

Pacific Ocean

36
Q
  1. Who did the Embargo Act hurt most of all?
A

New England Merchants

37
Q
  1. What happened after the Miami and other American Indian nations gave up land in Ohio by signing the Treaty of Greenville?
A

They got money and supplies and white settlers started moving farther west

38
Q
  1. What was the main challenge facing the United States as the War of 1812 began?
A

They didn’t have a military ready.

39
Q
  1. What were the two causes of the War of 1812?
A

Britain arming American Indians.
Britain seizing American ships.

40
Q
  1. What caused conflicts between white settlers and American Indians during the early 1800s?
A

Disagreements over land use, competition for natural resources

41
Q
  1. How did the Treaty of Greenville settle the ongoing conflict between American Indians and white settlers?
A

The treaty gave the American Indians payment for their lands.

42
Q
  1. Why were northern states in favor of Hamilton’s protective tariff?
A

The North benefited from manufacturing so it supported the tariff.
And
It would make northern manufacturers goods more affordable than imported goods, and so they would make more money.

43
Q
  1. Which three men took center stage in the sectionalism disputes?
A

John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay.

44
Q
  1. What effects did the McCulloch v. Maryland case have?
A

It allowed the Bank of the U.S to continue which helped the U.S economy expand.

45
Q
  1. What did the Monroe Doctrine state?
A

It declared that the U.S would not interfere in the affairs of European nations as long as they did not take land in the Americas.

geography (21 decks)

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