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Geography > Topic 9 - Consuming Energy Resouces > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Consuming Energy Resouces Flashcards

1
Q

Non renewable (stock resources)

A

These are being used up and cannot be replaced

E.g. coal, oil and gas (fossil fuels)

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2
Q

Renewable (flow resources)

A

These will never run out and can be used over and over again

E.g. wind power, solar power, hydroelectric power

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3
Q

Recyclable

A

These provide energy from sources that can be recycled or reused

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4
Q

Reasons for global pattern of energy supply being uneven

A 
Geology
Relief
Climate
Accessibility
Development
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5
Q

Geology

A

Different places have different types of geology
Coal - widely distributed with major reserves in USA, Russia and China
Countries on plate boundaries - access to geothermal energy

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6
Q

Relief

A

Regions with high rainfall relief often on HEP
Large volumes of water can travel down steep sided valleys and are often chosen for dam construction
E.g. three gorges dam in China

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7
Q

Climate

A

Exposed areas are best for wind e.g the London array in the North Sea
Places that receive long hours of sunlight and intense eradication are good for solar parks

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8
Q

Accessibility

A

Some resources are in remote areas - making it expensive to exploit and bring to consumers
620 million people do not have access to the electricity grid
Many rely on biomass instead

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9
Q

Development

A

Can influence a a regions ability to invest in and use new tech
They can develop new energy resources

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10
Q

Impacts of energy extraction / generation

Local

A

Wind farms
Some people think that it is unaesthetically appealing and does not fit in with the rural landscape
NIMBY opinion
Often leads to planning permission being rejected
E.g. Skegness UK

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11
Q

Impacts of energy extraction / generation

Regional

A

Tar sands
Extracting this raw material uses huge amounts of freshwater
This Increases water insecurity and water pollution as the toxic waste water is left in tailings ponds

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12
Q

Impacts of energy extraction / generation

Global

A

Coal
When the raw material is combusted to produce electricity, it releases carbon dioxide which contributes to the greenhouse effect which causes climate change
China has the highest overall emissions

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13
Q

Factors explaining global variation in energy consumption

A

Economic development
Economic sectors
Traditional fuel sources
Paris agreement

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14
Q

Economic development

A

Developed countries have high demands for energy and are able to invest in technology, so increasing national and individual energy consumption

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15
Q

Economic sectors

A

Growing population = better heating and more technology

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16
Q

Traditional fuel sources

A

In rural areas in developing countries - traditional biomass fuels for domestic use are the main energy use
No direct electricity in rural areas and urban supply is inconsistent e.g. sub Saharan Africa

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17
Q

Paris agreement

A

95 countries - emissions below a certain point

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18
Q

Consume oil

A

Use up

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19
Q

Produce oil

A

Make it

20
Q

Peak oil

A

The global peak in production of oil before decline

21
Q

What controls the price of oil

A 
Movement of US dollar
Alternative energy
Exogenous shocks - natural disaster
Supply and demand
Market speculation
22
Q

Energy security

A

Don’t want to rely on other countries and that they’ll always have access

23
Q

ESPO pipeline

A

Positives :
Having access will reduce pressure on the Middle East
It allows delivery in just a few days rather when weeks

Negative:
Russia has history of turning off oil supply to countries
Relationship between China and Russia is not smooth

24
Q

The Iraq war - 2003-2011

A

Iraq had 4th largest oil reserve
Conflict led to shortages in oil and increased prices
Other allies increased production to stabilise prices

25
Q

The financial crisis - 2008

A

Began in the real estate market as people were unable to pay back mortgages
Caused oil and gas prices to de line steeply as no one could afford the high prices

26
Q

Arab spring - 2011

A

Began with riots in Tunisia in 2010
Affected oil production in Syria, Yemen and Tunisia
- but these arent major exporters so had little affect on global oil

27
Q

Unconventional

A

New

28
Q

Conventional

A

Old

29
Q

Exploring the arctic

Economic costs

A

Cost of drilling in remote areas are high

Pay $4 billion to start up

30
Q

Exploring the arctic

Economic benefits

A

Offers huge potential revenue for oil companies
Provide jobs
Improves economy of the country

31
Q

Exploring the arctic

Environmental costs

A

Arctic has been tarnished by accidents and leaks

Damage can be long lasting and difficult to clean up

32
Q

Fracking

A

Uses high pressure water to shatter shale rocks and release natural gas lurking within
The gas is then piped to the surface
Unconventional

33
Q

Energy efficiency

A

Providing the same service but using less energy

34
Q

Energy conservation

A

Is about not using as much energy

35
Q

Eco footprint

A

Measures the area of land needed to:

Provide all the resources and services consumed and absorb all the waste produced

36
Q

Carbon footprint

A

Specifically looks at greenhouse gas emissions to support a lifestyle

37
Q

How is woking energy efficient

A

Encourages energy efficient housing e.g. oak tree house

  • solar panels
  • 300mm loft insulation
  • double glazing and draft proofing

Set up Thames way energy - provide sustainable energy (HEP and PV generators)

38
Q

How is London managing its eco footprint

A 
BEDZED
Hybrid Buses
Congestion charge
Vehicle exercise duty
London’s cycle hire scheme
39
Q

Energy security

P/N

A

Positives:
Being energy efficient
Make it easier to transport
Produce more local and renewable energy

Negatives:
Conflicts
Exchange rates
Natural disasters

40
Q

Biofuels

Benefits and costs

A

Benefits:
An alternative energy source - cheaper option than fossil fuels

Cost:
Demand for biofuels is leading to deforestation

41
Q

HEP

Benefits and costs

A

Benefits:
Reliable and constant source of energy

Cost:
Can result in the displacement of farmland and villages

42
Q

Solar energy

Benefits and costs

A

Benefits:
Creates loads of jobs

Cost:
Can take up land that could be used for growing crops

43
Q

Wind energy

Benefits and costs

A

Benefits:
Can create a generating capacity of electricity

Cost:
Built far away so requires expensive transmission lines

44
Q

Hydrogen

Benefits and costs

A

Benefits:
Very efficient

Cost:
Energy in
S needed to release hydrogen gas - if done using fossil fuels then carbon footprints, energy security and energy mix are all impacted

45
Q

Already implemented and increasing in use

A

Wind power
Solar panel
Nuclear energy

46
Q

Could be developed in the future further

A

Hydrogen fuel cells (instead of electric)
Biofuels
HEP

Geography (7 decks)

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