Toxicology (core) Flashcards Preview

Hugh's MD2 Intersession 2 > Toxicology (core) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Toxicology (core) Deck (20)
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1
Q

Which drugs are used to acutely control seizures?

A

Benzodiazopienes

1
Q

When are whole bowel irrigations used?

A

Slow absorbed substances to reduce their chance of being absorbed into the blood

1
Q

What can be done once the substance is absorbed into blood?

A

Haemodialysis

2
Q

What is the antedote for paracetamol

A

N-acetylcysteine

3
Q

What doesn’t bind to charcoal?

A

Potassium

Iron

Lead

Lithium

Alcohol

Caustic/Corrosives

3
Q

Why do people die from tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Binds to inactive Na channels in the heart to block Na entry - causes wider QRS on ECG

5
Q

What is the triad of narcotic toxicity?

A

Small pupil

Hypoventilation

Hypotension

5
Q

What do anti-cholinergic toxins present?

A

Fragmentary speech

Dry - decreased SLUD, particularly dry axilla

Tachycardia

Mad as a hatter

Hot as a hare

Blind as a bat

Red as a beet

Dry as a bone

7
Q

How does sympathomimetic toxicity present?

A

CNS excitation

Convulsion

9
Q

What is activated charcoal used for?

A

Binds to poisons in stomach to deactivate it

10
Q

How is red back spider bite treated?

A

Ice

Antivenom

11
Q

Which substances are amenable to haemodialysis?

A

L - Lithium

E - Ethylene glycol

T - Theophyline

M- Methanol

S - Salicylates

A - Atenolol

V - Valproic acid

P - Potassium

12
Q

What do you think of with an increased anion gap?

A

M - methanol

U - Uremia

D - Diabetic ketoacidosis

P - Paraldehyde

I - Iron, isoniazid

L - Lactic acidosis

E - Ethylene glycol, methanol

S - Salicylate poisoning

13
Q

What is the pathophysiology of paracetamol toxicity?

A

The ability of glutathione to metabolise paracetamol is overwhelm and NAPQI is produced - damage

14
Q

What is the toxic dose of paracetamol?

A

150/200mg/kg

15
Q

What is the most common drug overdosed on?

A

Paracetamol

16
Q

What are the features of serotonin syndrome?

A

Agitation

Hyperreflexia

Diaphoresis

Tachycardia

Clonus

Automonic instability

Increase bowel sounds, diarrhoea

18
Q

How does withdrawal syndrome present?

A

Diarrhoea

Tachycardia

Piloerection

Hallucination

19
Q

How is paracetamol overdose managed?

A

Measure paracetamol levels and treat if it crosses a threshold with N-acetylcysteine therapy

If they present 8-24 hours after ingestion - treat straight away then measure levels

20
Q

How does acetylcysteine work in paracetamol overdose?

A

Replaces glutathione