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Nutrition > Toxins > Flashcards

Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of toxins your home? (8)

A
  1. Wild mushrooms in your yard
  2. Alcoholic beverages
  3. Drain openers
  4. Pesticides
  5. Antifreeze
  6. Toilet cleaner
  7. Hair/nail products
  8. Rhododendrons
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2
Q

What is a toxin?

A

Any substance that when introduced into or on the body that can interfere with the normal function of body cells.

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3
Q

What is toxicology?

A

The study of toxins or poisons

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4
Q

Toxin exposure management
“PADS”

A

P: Prevention
A: Assess status
D: Decontaminate
S: Specific plan (therapy & support)

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5
Q

Prevention of toxin exposure

A

Educate the client!
1. Common household items.
2. Food toxins.
3. Plant toxins.
4. Medications.
Toxin proof your home!

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6
Q

Assess the situation (4)

A
  1. Current status of the animal:
    Weak, tremor, mentation, breathing difficulty; hydration; body temp.
  2. Toxin exposure:
    Substance, mode of exposure, when, info packet.
  3. Info for plan:
    Weight & health history of pet; O start treatment at home; poison control been contacted?
  4. Poison control:
    Contact them!
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7
Q

Decontaminate toxin (8)

A
  1. External exposure: Flush eyes w/saline for 20-30min.
  2. Bathe: Liquid dish soap, dawn if oily (v important for cats!)
  3. Oral ingestion:
    Corrosive - give whole milk to dilute.
    Non corrosive - induce vomiting within 30min. DO NOT use syrup of Ipecac!
  4. Activated charcoal
  5. Cathartics: Cause rapid BM, often used w/charcoal; clears toxins.
  6. Enema
  7. Gastric lavage: “Pumping the stomach,” used if vomiting is not an option.
  8. Endoscopy or Sx: If toxin is an object.
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8
Q

What does a corrosive toxin mean?

A

A toxin that can dissolve/cause irreversible damage to the mucus membranes of the body if ingested.

Do not induce vomiting with these toxins!

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9
Q

Specific therapy & supportive care (6)

A
  1. IV fluid therapy: Supports vital organ and dehydration.
  2. Treat present specific signs: Seizures, muscle tremors, vomiting…
  3. Treat specific blood findings: Hypoglycemia, anemia, electrolytes, liver/kidney failure.
  4. Treat potential toxin risks: Gastric ulcers, pain, oxy depletion…
  5. Antidote: Don’t have many of these BUT Anti freeze can be ‘reversed’ with alcohol treatment.
  6. Duration of therapy: Toxin duration of effect will impact the length (in time) of the treatment.
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10
Q

Common poisonous cleaners
1. Acids (low pH)
2. Alkali (high pH)

A
  1. Acids
    - Drain openers
    - Toilet bowl/ household cleaners
  2. Alkali
    - Bleach
    - Liquid potpourri
    - Detergents
    - Corrosive toxins (high risk of esophagus/stomach damage, don’t vomit!)
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11
Q

Common object toxins (4)

A
  1. Pennies (zinc)
  2. Batteries (corrosive alkali)
  3. Mothballs (naphthalene)
  4. Tick & flea collars (dun dun DUHH)
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12
Q

Common food poisonings (7)

A
  1. Chocolate
  2. Macadamia nuts
  3. Grapes and raisins
  4. Yeast dough
  5. Onions & garlic
  6. Moldy food
  7. Contaminated food
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13
Q

Common pesticide poisonings (3)

A
  1. Snail & slug bait
  2. Rodenticide
  3. Organophosphates
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14
Q

Common poisonous plants (3)

A
  1. Easter lilies
  2. Rhododendrons
  3. Wild mushrooms
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15
Q

Common poisonous medications (3)

A
  1. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
  2. NSAIDs (aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen)
  3. Calcipotriene (vitamin D)
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16
Q

Antifreeze poisoning
1. Proper name
2. Lethal dose in cats & dogs in mL/kg
3. Clinical symptoms (2)

A
  1. Ethylene Glycol poisoning
  2. Lethal dose:
    - Dogs: 4 mL/kg
    - Cats: 1.5 mL/kg
  3. Symptoms:
    - Acute kidney failure
    - Ataxia in 1-4 hours
    - Death if untreated after two days
17
Q

Antifreeze poisoning:
1. Diagnosis (3)
2. Therapy (3)

A
  1. Diagnosis:
    - History
    - Hospital testing
    - Symptoms
  2. Therapy:
    - Antidote “Feomepizole” is given within 12hrs
    - Aggressive IV fluids
    - Dialysis (helps w/kidney failure)
18
Q

Lily poisoning:
1. If left untreated, what will occur?
2. Therapy (2)

A
  1. Untreated:
    - Renal failure in 1 to 3 days after ingestion
  2. Therapy:
    - GI decontamination
    - Aggressive care for kidney failure

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