Transcription

Question 1

What is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA?

Answer 1

Transcription

Question 2

Where does transcription occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

What enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase

Question 4

What are the three main steps of transcription?

Answer 4

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 5

During which step of transcription does RNA polymerase bind to the promoter region of DNA?

Answer 5

Initiation

Question 6

What is the name of the DNA region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?

Answer 6

Promoter

Question 7

What is the term for the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription?

Answer 7

Terminator

Question 8

True or False: During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA in the 3’ to 5’ direction.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the template strand used for during transcription?

Answer 9

Synthesis of RNA

Question 10

What is the non-template strand also known as during transcription?

Answer 10

Coding strand

Question 11

What is the name of the first nucleotide added during transcription?

Answer 11

Initiator nucleotide

Question 12

What are the three types of RNA produced during transcription?

Answer 12

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 13

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Answer 13

mRNA

Question 14

What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

Answer 14

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Question 15

What is the function of rRNA in the ribosome?

Answer 15

Forms the ribosomal subunits

Question 16

What is the name of the structure where transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotes?

Answer 16

Polyribosome

Question 17

What is the name of the region in the DNA template where transcription begins?

Answer 17

Initiation site

Question 18

Which step of transcription involves the synthesis of an RNA molecule?

Answer 18

Elongation

Question 19

What happens to RNA polymerase during the termination step of transcription?

Answer 19

It dissociates from the DNA template

Question 20

What is the name of the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing RNA chain during transcription?

Answer 20

RNA polymerase

Question 21

What are the two regions of a gene that flank the coding region and are transcribed into RNA?

Answer 21

Promoter and terminator

Question 22

What is the name of the DNA sequence that signals the end of a gene?

Answer 22

Terminator

Question 23

What is the significance of the poly(A) tail added to the 3’ end of mRNA during transcription?

Answer 23

It protects the mRNA from degradation

Question 24

What is the role of the 5’ cap added to mRNA during transcription?

Answer 24

It helps in the initiation of translation

Question 25

What is the name of the process where pre-mRNA is modified before it can be translated into a protein?

Answer 25

RNA processing

Question 26

What are the two main modifications that occur during RNA processing?

Answer 26

Addition of 5' cap and poly(A) tail, splicing

Question 27

What is the term for the removal of introns and joining of exons in pre-mRNA?

Answer 27

Splicing

Question 28

What is the name of the enzyme complex responsible for splicing pre-mRNA?

Answer 28

Spliceosome

Question 29

What is the term for the mature mRNA that has undergone RNA processing?

Answer 29

mRNA

Question 30

What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Answer 30

tRNA

Question 31

What is the role of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation?

Answer 31

It helps in the binding of mRNA to the ribosome

Question 32

What is the name of the process where the genetic information in mRNA is used to synthesize a protein?

Answer 32

Translation

Question 33

What is the name of the organelle where translation occurs in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 33

Ribosome

Question 34

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

Answer 34

Peptidyl transferase