Transplantations And Borderlands Ch.2 Flashcards
(41 cards)
The Godspeed, the Discovery, and the Susan Constant.
The 3 ships that were used in the colonizing expedition of the London Company, made up of 144 men.
Jamestown
A colony established in 1607 by the London Company.
Located on a peninsula in modern day Virginia.
Jamestown: Climate
Low swampy land that was surrounded by thick woods.
Usually hot and humid.
Jamestown: Problems
Malaria, killed and weakened settlers.
Absence of women, failure to establish domestic lives and formal society
Land that was difficult to clear for cultivation, failure to grow sufficient food.
Powerful Indian tribe, known as the Tsenahcommacah.
Powhatan
Imperial chief of Tsenacommacah, an alliance of Algonquian-speaking Indians.
Charters
A written grant by a sovereign power by which an institution is created; in this case the right for a group to colonize a certain territory.
John Smith
Jamestown’s savior.
Brought additional men and supplies to the endangered colony of Jamestown (38 men remaining).
Became council president in 1608, imposing work and order.
Deposed in 1609 and returned to England.
Virginia Company
A joint-stock company formerly known as the London Company.
Launched a “great fleet” of nine vessels with about 600 people in 1609.
One vessel was lost at sea and another arrived months late.
The Starving Time (1609-1610)
The harshest period in Jamestown.
New-comers from the great fleet were weak from voyage and contracted fevers.
Local Indians killed their livestock and barricaded them in their palisade.
Forced to eat whatever they could find, even resorting to cannibalism.
60 of 500 remained.
Lord De La Warr
1st governor of Jamestown which saved the colony.
Brought in relief expeditions with new colonists and supplies.
Imposed a harsh discipline.
Organized settlers into work gangs and sentenced offenders to strict punishments.
Governor Dale
Succeeded de La Warr.
Permitted private ownership and cultivation of land.
Landowners gave the company part-time work and contributions of grain.
Led assaults against Powhatan Indians and kidnapped Pocahontas.
John Rolfe
Experimented with tobacco in Virginia.
Produced high quality crops that met the demands of the old world,
Became the main cash crop of the Virginia Company.
Required and led to territorial expansion.
Married Pocahontas in 1614.
Headright System (Virginia)
Headright: 50 acre grants of land that settlers could acquire in different ways.
Those already living in the colony received 100 acres a piece.
Each new settler received a single headright for themselves.
It encouraged family groups to migrate together in order to gain land.
Headrights could also be acquired by paying for the passage of another immigrant.
In return they contributed 1 shilling a year to the company.
Virginia Company: Incentives
Full rights of Englishmen.
End to strict and arbitrary rule.
Share in self-government.
Overnight Brides (1619)
100 Englishwomen that were imported to become the wives of male colonists.
They could be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco.
Status of freedom depended on husbands goodwill.
**I made up the name
Jamestown: Trade
Lumber, tar, pitcher and iron were exported.
Virginia Company: Black laborers
August, 1619
20 Africans arrive in Virginia; were not considered slaves but rather servants to be held for a term of years and then freed just like the European servants.
First step toward slavery.
Opechanacanough
Brother and successor of chief Powhatan.
Organized attack on settlers in March, 1622 and was defeated (347 settlers were killed)
Challenged the settlers again in 1644 and were defeated once more.
Indian Agricultural Techniques
Was one of the most important factors in the survival of Jamestown.
Settlers learned how to cultivate in the unknown soil and climate of Virginia,
Corn became a staple for settlers since stalks could be used for corn and it spoiled less easily than other grains.
Also learned the advantages of growing beans to enrich soil.
House of Burgesses
First meeting of an elected legislature in the United States.
July 30, 1619 at the Jamestown church
George Calvert
The first Lord Baltimore.
Catholic and shrewd businessman.
Envisioned a colony that would serve as a retreat for English Catholics.
Died before receiving a charter.
Cecilius
Son of Calvert and 2nd Lord Baltimore.
Received a charter in 1632 granting him an extensive territory and power of true and absolute lord and proprietary.
Leonard Calvert
Named governor of Maryland by his brother Cecilius.
Was sent to oversee development of the province.
The Ark and the Dove
The ships that transported the first 300 settlers of what would be called St.Mary, after the queen, in March of 1634.
