Transport Physiology Flashcards
(43 cards)
Boyle’s Law
At a constant temperature, a volume of gas is inversely proportional to pressure. Example: The volume of pneumothorax will increase as altitude increases due to the decrease in barometric pressure.
Dalton’s Law
Relates to pressure of a mixture of gases. Gases in a mixture exert pressure equivalent to the pressure each would exert if present alone in the volume of a total mixture. Example: a tank with 1900psi with a mixture of 20% O2 and 80% nitrogen, has pressure exerted inside of it where the O2 exerts 20% of the pressure and the nitrogen exerts 80% of the pressure.
Charles’ Law
When pressure is constant, volume of a gas very nearly proportional to its absolute temperature. Example: TV of air at room temperature increases in size inside the body as it reaches body temperature.
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Pressure of a gas when volume is maintained constant is directly proportional to the absolute temperature for a constant amount of gas. Example: pressure in an oxygen tank decreases as the temperature decreases.
Henry’s Law
Solubility of gases in liquids and states. The quantity of gas dissolved in 1cm3 (1 ml) of a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid. Example: decompression sickness - diver that ascends too rapidly nitrogen bubbles form in the blood.
Graham’s Law
Rate of diffusion of a gas through a liquid is directly related to the solubility of the gas, inversely proportional to the square root of its density or gram molecular rate. Example: gas exchange at the cellular level.
Night loss vision occurs at….
5000 ft
Hypoxia: Indifferent stage
Sea level to 10,000 ft. Body will increase HR, ventilation slightly
Hypoxia: Compensatory stage
10,000-15,000 ft. Increase in BP, HR, depth/rate of ventilation occurs.
Hypoxia: Disturbance stage
15,000-20,000 ft. Dizziness, sleepiness, tunnel vision, cyanosis.
Hypoxia: Critical stage
20,000-30,000 ft. Mental confusion, incapacitation, followed by LOC within minutes.
Hypoxic Hypoxia
Deficiency in alveolar exchange. Decreased barometric pressure at high altitudes causes a reduction in alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). O2 sat at sea level 98% —> 87% at 10,000’ —> 60% at 20,000’.
Hypemic Hypoxia
Reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of blood. # of RBC’s reduced per unit volume of blood, oxygen-carrying capacity thus oxygen content of blood is reduced. Anemia, blood loss, carbon monoxide, etc…
Stagnant Hypoxia
Condition that exists w/ reduction in total CO. Heart failure, shock, PE.
Histotoxic Hypoxia
Tissue poisoning that results in a cell’s inability to use molecular oxygen. Carbon monoxide, cyanide, ETOH…
Decompression Sickness
Supersaturation of the tissues w/ Nitrogen. Gives rise to the formation of bubbles. Henry’s law. Primary treatment is recompression to ground level, 100% O2
Revised Trauma Score 4
GCS 13-15
SBP>89
RR 10-29
Revised Trauma Score 3
GCS 9-12
SBP 76-89
RR >29
Revised Trauma Score 2
GCS 6-8
SBP 50-75
RR 6-9
Revised Trauma Score 1
GCS 4-5
SBP 1-49
RR 1-5
Revised Trauma Score 0
GCS 3
SBP 0
RR 0
Rhabdomyolysis
Increased CK, K, BUN, Creat, phos, uric acid, AST, ALT. Low pH, metabolic acidosis.
Decrease ICP
HOB 30*, neutral alignment, ? remove c-collar
Hypokalmeia - EKG
Flattened T, prominent U wave
